Interval and Point Direction Finding of Radio Emission Sources for Broadband Radio Monitoring
https://doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2020-23-6-28-42
Abstract
Introduction. The point and interval direction finding of radio sources is used for broadband radio monitoring in the frequency domain. The initial data for broadband radio monitoring are spectral samples obtained from an M-element antenna array by multichannel reception. Point direction finding is based on a grouping of point estimates of azimuth and elevation angle formed for each frequency sample, in which signal components are detected. A single estimate of azimuth and elevation angle is made based on the grouped point estimates in the range of neighbouring frequency samples. Interval direction finding is based on the azimuth and elevation estimates formed entirely from the interval of adjacent frequency samples, in which the signal components are found, and the subsequent refinement of frequency sample interval boundaries for each radio source in multisignal mode by spatial selection methods. Point direction finding is mainly implemented in single-signal mode in modern operating broadband radio monitoring complexes, while the multi-signal mode based on MUSIC or ESPRIT is implemented in the time domain in a narrow frequency band.
Aim. Development and investigation of methods for point and interval direction finding in multi-signal mode, as well as development of recommendations for their practical application in multi-signal and single-signal modes.
Methods. Multi-signal mode for point and interval direction finding was implemented using MUSIC and ESPRIT. An experimental study of the developed direction finding methods in single-signal and multi-signal (on ESPRIT) modes with overlapping signal spectra was carried out by processing the recorded real signals. The records were made using a seven-channel coherent synchronous receiver connected to a seven-element 60° angle antenna array.
Results. The research results are presented by frequency-azimuth panoramas and estimates of the amplitude spectra of separated signals and direction finding accuracy indicators.
Conclusion. It was experimentally demonstrated that point direction finding should be used in single-signal mode provided the absence of information on the number of signals in the observed data. Interval direction finding is recom-mended in multi-signal mode for improving the accuracy and real-time feasibility of the process.
Keywords
About the Authors
M. E. ShevchenkoRussian Federation
Maya E. Shevchenko, Ph. D. (Eng.) (1997), Associate Professor (2002) of the Department of Radio Electronics Equipment. The author of 60 scientific publications. Area of expertise: radio signals reserving and processing; frequency radio monitoring; digital signal processing.
5 Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197376
V. N. Malyshev
Russian Federation
Victor N. Malyshev, D. Sci. (Eng.) (2000), Professor (2004), the Dean of faculty of Radio Equipment and Telecommunications. The author of mors than 100 scientific publications. Area of expertise: numerical methods; microwave engineering; antennas; information networks; information security.
5 Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197376
S. S. Sokolov
Russian Federation
Sergey S. Sokolov, D. Sci. (Eng.) (1996), Professor (1998), Professor of the Department of microradioelectronics and radio equipment technology. Author of 85 scientific publications. Area of expertise: registration of processes with double stochasticity, adaptive methods for estimating signal parameters, system engineering.
5 Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197376
A. V. Gorovoy
Russian Federation
Andrey V. Gorovoy, Post-graduate student, engineer LLC NPP "NTT". Area of expertise: detection, estimation, spatial filtering and bearing of signals, digital signal processing.
20 Sofya Kovalevskaya St., buil. 1, lit. A, St Petersburg 195256
S. N. Soloviev
Russian Federation
Sergey N. Solovyov, Engineer. Area of expertise: detection, estimation, spatial filtering and direction finding of signals, digital signal processing.
20 Sofya Kovalevskaya St., buil. 1, lit. A, St Petersburg 195256
N. S. Stenukov
Russian Federation
Nikolay S. Stenukov, Ph. D. (Eng.) (1974), Leading Researcher. Area of expertise: digital signal processing in radiomonitoring.
10 Kantemirovskaya St., St Petersburg 197342
References
1. Rembovsky A. M., Ashihmin A.V., Kozmin V. A. Radiomonitoring: problems, methods, means. Under the ed. of A. M. Tambovskogo. 4th ed. M.: Gorajthaj linija. 2015, 319 p. (In Russ.)
2. Radiomonitoring & Radiolocation Catalog. Rohde & Schwarz. 2016, 239 p. Available at: https://cdn.rohdeschwarz.com/ru/downloads_45/common_library_45/brochures_and_datasheets_45 /Radiomonitoring_and_Radiolocation_Catalog.pdf (accessed 21.12.2020)
3. New Direction Finders Cope with Next Generation Signals: Rohde & Schwarz Reference Card. Ver. 1.00. 2019. Available at: https://scdn.rohde-schwarz.com/ur/pws/dl_downloads/dl_common_library/dl_brochures_and_datasheets/pdf_1/New-direction-finders_fly_en_3609-3842-32_v0100_web.pdf (accessed 21.12.2020)
4. Tuncer T. E., Friedlander B. Classical And Modern Direction-Of-Arrival Estimation. NewYork: Elsevier Inc., 2009. 456 p. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication /293668701_Classical_and_Modern_Direction-of-Arrival_Estimation(accessed 21.12.2020)
5. Chemarov A. O. Quantile estimation of the noise level of the Bartlett periodogram for frequency radio monitoring. J. of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics. 2009, iss. 1, pp. 61–66. (In Russ.)
6. Chemarov A. O. Quantile estimation of the noise level of the Bartlett periodogram for frequency radio monitoring. Information and space. 2009, no. 3, pp. 30–35. (In Russ.)
7. Shevchenko M. E., Chemarov A. O. Detection and estimation of parameters of radio emission sources in a wide field of view. SPb: Publishing house of SPbGETU "LETI", 2011. (In Russ.)
8. Ashikhmin A. V., Kozmin V. A., Negrobov V. V., Pasternak Yu. G., Rembovsky Yu. A. Analysis of perspective directions of development of methods for estimating angular coordinates of radio emission sources. Vestn. Voronezhskogo gosudarstven. tehnith. un-ta, 2009, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 47-55. (In Russ.)
9. Greshilov A. A., Plokhuta P. A. Multi-Signal direction finding at one frequency as a problem of signal decomposition by the sum of exponents. Vestn. MGTU im. N. E. Baumana. Ser. "Natural Sciences". 2008, no. 2, pp. 67–77. (In Russ.)
10. Greshilov A. A., Nazarenko B. P., Plahuta P. A. On the direction finding of radiation sources, Vestn. MGTU im. N. E. Baumana, Ser. "Natural Sciences", 2007, no. 3, pp. 3–27. (In Russ.)
11. Shevchenko M. E., Malyshev V. N., Fayzullina D. N. Radio Source Direction Finding in Wide Frequency Band Using Circular Antenna Array. J. of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics. 2018, no. 6, pp. 30–40. doi: 10.32603/1993-8985-2018-21-6-30-40 (In Russ.)
12. Roy R., Kailath T. ESPRIT-Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques. IEEE Trans. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. 1989. Vol. ASSP-37, no. 7, pp. 984–995. doi: 10.1109/29.3227.
13. Lemma A. N., Van der Veen A. J. Analysis of Joint Angle-Frequency Estimation Using ESPRIT // IEEE Trans. Sig. Proc. 2003. Vol. SP-51, № 5. P. 1264–1283. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2003.810306
14. Strobach P. Total Least Squares Phased Averaging and 3–D ESPRIT for Joint Azimuth-Elevation-Carrier-Estimation./ IEEE Trans. Sig. Proc. 2001, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 54–62.
15. Huang J., Sun J., Wang C., Goussetis G. Wireless Channel Parameter Estimation Algorithms: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. China Communications. 2018. Vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 211–228. doi: 10.1109/CC.2018.8387999
16. Shevchenko M. E., Gorovoy A.V., Solov'ev S. N. Spatial filtering of signals overlapping in the spectrum. Voprosy radioelectroniki. 2019, no. 12, pp. 27–33. doi: 10.21778/2218-5453-2019-12-27-33. (In Russ.)
17. Lavate T. B., Kokate V. K., Sapkal A. M. Performance Analysis of MUSIC and ESPRIT DOA Estimation Algorithms for Adaptive Array Smart Antenna in Mobile Communication. 2 nd Intern. Conf. on Computer and Network Technology. Bangkok. 2010, pp. 308-311. doi: 10.1109/ICCNT.2010.45.14
18. Stevanovic I., Skrivervik A., Mosig J. R. Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile Communications: FINAL REPORT. Laboratoired Electromagnetisme et d’Acoustique Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Suisse. 2003. January Available at: https://www.academia.edu/24560455 /Smart_Antenna_Systems_for_Mobile_Communications_FINAL_REPORT_ECOLE_POLYTECHNIQUE_FEDERALE_DE_LAUSANNE (accessed 21.12.2020)
Review
For citations:
Shevchenko M.E., Malyshev V.N., Sokolov S.S., Gorovoy A.V., Soloviev S.N., Stenukov N.S. Interval and Point Direction Finding of Radio Emission Sources for Broadband Radio Monitoring. Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics. 2020;23(6):28-42. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2020-23-6-28-42