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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2024-27-5-108-117</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-936</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИБОРЫ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ, КОНТРОЛЯ СРЕДЫ, ВЕЩЕСТВ, МАТЕРИАЛОВ И ИЗДЕЛИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL DEVICES, ENVIRONMENT, SUBSTANCES, MATERIAL AND PRODUCT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сглаживание поверхностей 3D-моделей протезно-ортопедических изделий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mesh Smoothing of 3D Prosthesis and Orthosis Models</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5672-7290</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суфэльфа</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sufelfa</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суфэльфа Алиса Родионовна – руководитель лаборатории инновационных и реабилитационноэкспертных технологий ФГБУ ФНОЦ МСЭ и Р им. Г. А. Альбрехта Минтруда России. Соискатель кафедры биотехнических систем Санкт-Петербургского ГЭУ "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина).</p><p>Ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alisa R. Sufelfa - Head of Laboratory of Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation. Postgraduate student of Department of biotechnical systems.</p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arsufelfa@stud.etu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0667-7851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вознесенский</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voznesensky</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вознесенский Александр Сергеевич – кандидат технических наук (2022), старший научный сотрудник НОЦ ЦТТ.</p><p>Ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Voznesensky - Cand. Sci. (2022), senior researcher of SEC DTT.</p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asvoznesenskiy@etu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2765-4509</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каплун</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaplun</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каплун Дмитрий Ильич – кандидат технических наук (2009), доцент кафедры автоматики и процессов управления.</p><p>Ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry I. Kaplun - Cand. Sci. (2009), Associate Professor of Department of automation and processing.</p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dikaplun@etu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ФНOЦ МСЭ и Р им. Г.А. Альбрехта Минтруда России; Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В.И. Ульянова (Ленина)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation; Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В.И. Ульянова (Ленина)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>117</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Суфэльфа А.Р., Вознесенский А.С., Каплун Д.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суфэльфа А.Р., Вознесенский А.С., Каплун Д.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sufelfa A.R., Voznesensky A.S., Kaplun D.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/936">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/936</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Формирование контактной поверхности в протезировании и ортезировании имеет решающее значение для восстановления опорно-двигательных функций человека. Рассмотрены особенности методов снижения уровня шума поверхности трехмерной модели, полученной после оптического сканирования, разработан алгоритм изготовления индивидуального протезно-ортопедического изделия.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Исследование и разработка методов цифровой фильтрации 3D-поверхностей, полученных после оптического сканирования, для дальнейшего моделирования индивидуальных модулей протезноортопедических изделий.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Предлагается усовершенствовать этап предварительной обработки трехмерной модели с помощью методов сглаживания и шумоподавления. Для тестирования были отобраны 50 оптических 3D-сканов и выбраны алгоритмы устранения шума: билатеральная фильтрация, анизотропное сглаживание, средняя и медианная фильтрация.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исследование проводилось на 3D-сканах усеченных нижних конечностей и заготовок для изготовления ортезов – корсетов Шено, полученных от Института протезирования и ортезирования ФГБУ ФНOЦ МСЭ и Р им. Г. А. Альбрехта Минтруда России. Предложен метод очищения от шумов и сглаживания поверхностей 3D-моделей для изготовления протезно-ортопедических изделий. Описание применения подобных методов в литературе найти не удалось, возможно, потому, что для изготовления протезов и ортезов чаще всего используется гипсовая технология. Было рассчитано отношение сигнал/шум по метрике SNR – δSNR с усреднением по сканированиям и значениям SNR и среднее время фильтрации. Результаты исследования показывают, что лучшим является метод билатеральной фильтрации с δ-SNR = 11.3362 дБ и временем выполнения 8.8900 с.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Применение вышеуказанных методов для предварительной обработки трехмерных оптических сканов человека обеспечило высокие результаты при формировании 3D-моделей модулей протезно-ортопедических изделий. Исследование представляет интерес для работы в направлении автоматизации процессов изготовления протезно-ортопедических изделий, особенно ввиду вызовов современной геополитической обстановки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Formation of a contact surface in prosthetics and orthotics is crucial for the restoration of human musculoskeletal functions. This paper considers specific features of methods currently used for denoising of a 3D model surface obtained by optical scanning. An algorithm for manufacturing an individual prosthetic and orthopedic product is developed. The current literature reports no similar methods, which may be explained by the widespread use of gypsum technology for the manufacture of prostheses and orthoses.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Research and development of digital filtration methods for 3D meshes obtained by optical scanning for further modeling of individual prosthesis and orthosis modules.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. It is proposed to optimize the pre-processing stage of 3D scanned models by applying denoising and smoothing processes. In total, 50 optical 3D scans were selected for testing via the following denoising algorithms: bilateral filtering, vertex-based anisotropic smoothing, mean and median filtering applied to face normals.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study was conducted using 3D scans of lower limb stumps and Chenault brace orthoses and corsets provided by the Institute of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Albrecht Federal Scientific and Educational Centre of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation. А method for denoising and smoothing of the 3D model surfaces for the manufacture of prosthetic and orthopedic products is proposed. The SNR metric difference SNR – δ-SNR (with averaging by scans and SNR values) and average execution time were calculated. The bilateral filtration method with δ-SNR = 11.3362 dB and a runtime of 8.8900 s showed the highest efficiency.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The proposed methods for the pre-processing stage of 3D optical scans showed high efficiency in the formation of 3D models of prosthesis and orthosis modules. The results obtained can be used for automating the process of manufacturing various prosthetic and orthopedic products, which is particularly relevant in the context of the modern geopolitical situation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>протезно-ортопедическое изделие</kwd><kwd>билатеральная фильтрация</kwd><kwd>анизотропное сглаживание</kwd><kwd>средняя и медианная фильтрация</kwd><kwd>3D-скан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prosthetics and orthotics</kwd><kwd>bilateral filtering</kwd><kwd>vertex-based anisotropic smoothing</kwd><kwd>mean and median filtering</kwd><kwd>3D scan</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант РНФ 2219-00573)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant RSF 22-19-00573)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: the effect of brace treatment on the incidence of surgery / C. 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