<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2024-27-4-103-116</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-918</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИБОРЫ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ, КОНТРОЛЯ СРЕДЫ, ВЕЩЕСТВ, МАТЕРИАЛОВ И ИЗДЕЛИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL DEVICES, ENVIRONMENT, SUBSTANCES, MATERIAL AND PRODUCT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод подбора комбинаций оптических хемосенсорных материалов для идентификации парофазных экотоксикантов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Method for Selecting Combinations of Optical Chemosensory Materials for Identification of Vapor-Phase Ecotoxicants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7433-3110</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чувашов</surname><given-names>Р. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuvashov</surname><given-names>R. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чувашов Роман Дмитриевич – магистр по направлению "Биотехнические системы и технологии" (2018), инженер-исследователь кафедры экспериментальной физики Физико-технологического института,</p><p>ул, Мира, д. 21, Екатеринбург, 620002.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman D. Chuvashov, Master in Biotechnical systems and technologies (2018), Research Engineer,</p><p>21, Mira St., Ekaterinburg 620002.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чувашов Р.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чувашов Р.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chuvashov R.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/918">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/918</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Загрязнение окружающей среды является важной проблемой для общественной и экологической безопасности. Для экспресс-контроля экотоксикантов в паровой фазе применяются кросс-реактивные оптические хемосенсорные материалы, комбинации которых позволяют идентифицировать обнаруженные вещества. Подбор комбинаций хемосенсоров, с помощью которых возможна наиболее надежная идентификация веществ, редко рассматривается исследователями; вместо этого часто используются все доступные хемосенсорные материалы, хотя меньшая по размеру комбинация может быть более надежной и информативной.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Предложить метод подбора комбинаций хемосенсорных материалов, позволяющий составить из набора доступных хемосенсорных материалов комбинацию, наиболее подходящую для идентификации установленной группы парофазных веществ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Предложена метрика качества комбинации для задачи идентификации, численно описывающая степень ортогональности и близость распределений векторов отклика комбинации на воздействие веществ. На основе метрики сформулирован метод подбора комбинаций. Предложенный метод апробирован на примере подбора комбинации проницаемых флуоресцентных хемосенсорных материалов, выполняющей идентификацию насыщенных паров нитроароматических экотоксикантов и веществ-помех. Идентификация веществ по отклику комбинации материалов на воздействие паров веществ выполнена классификационными моделями на основе метода опорных векторов и метода главных компонент.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Определена комбинация проницаемых флуоресцентных хемосенсорных материалов, наиболее надежная для решения задачи идентификации паров нитроароматических экотоксикантов и веществ-помех. Показана возможность скорой идентификации веществ в ходе воздействия на материалы. Показано, что метрика качества ниже для комбинации из всех доступных флуоресцентных хемосенсорных материалов в сравнении с меньшей по размеру комбинацией материалов, подобранной предложенным методом.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предложен подход к решению проблемы подбора оптимальной комбинации хемосенсорных материалов для решения задачи идентификации установленной группы веществ. Показано, что подбор комбинации материалов предлагаемым методом позволяет повысить надежность идентификации веществ и сократить количество разнородных хемосенсорных материалов в комбинации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Environmental pollution represents a serious threat to the public and ecological safety. Cross-reactive optical chemosensor materials and their combinations can be effectively used for timely identification of ecotoxicants in the vapor phase. The selection of chemosensor combinations for a reliable identification of toxic substances has received insufficient research attention. As a rule, all available chemosensor materials are used, although a smaller combination may be more reliable and informative.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To propose a method for selecting from a set of available chemosensory materials the optimal combination most suitable for identification of the required group of vapor-phase substances.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A metric for assessing the quality of a chemosensor material combination for identification of toxic substances is proposed. This metric numerically describes the degree of orthogonality and the proximity of distributions of response vectors of the combination to the exposure to analyzed substances. On the basis of the metric, a method for selecting optimal combinations is formulated. Classification models based on the support vector method and the principal components method are used to classify responses of the combination of materials. The proposed method is tested on the example of selecting combinations of permeable fluorescent materials for identification of saturated vapor-phase nitroaromatic ecotoxicants and interfering substances.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A combination of permeable fluorescent materials, sufficiently reliable for identification of vapor-phase nitroaromatic ecotoxicants, was determined. The possibility of rapid identification of toxic substances during the prolonged exposure of materials to their vapors is presented. It is shown that the quality metric is lower for a combination of all available fluorescent materials compared to a smaller combination selected via the proposed method.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. An approach to solving the problem of finding an optimal combination of chemosensory materials for identification of the specified group of substances is proposed. The proposed method increases the reliability of identification of toxic substances while reducing the number of chemosensory materials involved in the process.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>флуоресцентные хемосенсорные материалы</kwd><kwd>подбор комбинаций</kwd><kwd>идентификация</kwd><kwd>нитроароматические экотоксиканты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fluorescent chemosensory materials</kwd><kwd>selection of combinations</kwd><kwd>identification</kwd><kwd>nitroaromatic ecotoxicants</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РЦНИ (РФФИ) в рамках научного проекта № 20-37-90108.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 20-37-90108.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harbison R. D., Bourgeois M. M., Johnson G. T. Hamilton and Hardy's Industrial Toxicology. 6th ed. Hoboken: Wiley, 2015. 1376 p. doi: 10.1002/9781118834015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harbison R. D., Bourgeois M. M., Johnson G. T. Hamilton and Hardy's Industrial Toxicology. 6th ed. Hoboken, Wiley, 2015, 1376 p. doi: 10.1002/9781118834015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The vapor pressures of explosives / R. G. Ewing, M. J. Waltman, D. A. Atkinson, J. W. Grate, P. J. Hotchkiss // Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2013. Vol. 42. P. 35–48. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.09.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ewing R. G., Waltman M. J., Atkinson D. A., Grate J. W., Hotchkiss P. J. The Vapor Pressures of Explosives. Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2013, vol. 42, pp. 35–48. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.09.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Östmark H., Wallin S., Ang H. G. Vapor pressure of explosives: a critical review // Propell. Explos. Pyrot. 2012. Vol. 37. P. 12–23. doi: 10.1002/prep.201100083</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Östmark H., Wallin S., Ang H. G. Vapor Pres-sure of Explosives: A Critical Review. Propell. Explos. Pyrot. 2012, vol. 37, pp. 12–23. doi: 10.1002/prep.201100083</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chemical sniffing instrumentation for security applications / S. Giannoukos, B. Brkić, S. Taylor, A. Marshall, G. F. Verbeck // Chem. Rev. 2016. Vol. 116, iss. 14. P. 8146–8172. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00065</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giannoukos S., Brkić B., Taylor S., Marshall A., Verbeck G. F. Chemical Sniffing Instrumentation for Security Applications. Chem. Rev. 2016, vol. 116, iss. 14, pp. 8146–8172. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00065</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daeid N. N., Yu H. A., Beardah M. S. Investigating TNT loss between sample collection and analysis // Science &amp; Justice. 2016. Vol. 57, iss. 2. P. 95–100. doi: 10.1016/j.scijus.2016.10.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daeid N. N., Yu H. A., Beardah M. S. Investi-gating TNT Loss Between Sample Collection and Analysis. Science &amp; Justice. 2016, vol. 57, iss. 2, pp. 95–100. doi: 10.1016/j.scijus.2016.10.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Design of fluorescent sensors based on azaheterocyclic push-pull systems towards nitroaromatic explosives and related compounds: A review / E. V. Verbitskiy, G. L. Rusinov, O. N. Chupakhin, V. N. Charushin // Dyes Pigm. 2020. Vol. 180. P. 108414. doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108414</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verbitskiy E. V., Rusinov G. L., Chupakhin O. N., Charushin V. N. Design of Fluorescent Sensors Based on Azaheterocyclic Push-Pull Systems Towards Nitroaromatic Explosives and Related Compounds: A Review. Dyes Pigm. 2020, vol. 180, p. 108414. doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108414</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хемосенсоры для обнаружения нитроароматических (взрывчатых) веществ / Г. В. Зырянов, Д. С. Копчук, И. С. Ковалев, Э. В. Носова, В. Л. Русинов, О. Н. Чупахин // Успехи химии. 2014. Т. 83, № 9. С. 783–819. doi: 10.1070/RC2014v083n09ABEH00446</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zyryanov G. V., Kopchuk D. S., Kovalev I. S., Rusinov V. L., Chupakhin O. N. Chemosensors for Detection of Nitroaromatic Compounds (Explosives). Russian Chemical Reviews. 2014, vol. 83, iss. 9, pp. 783–819. doi: 10.1070/RC2014v083n09ABEH00446 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fido X4. URL: https://archive.fo/aC1Oy (дата обращения: 04.04.2024)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fido X4. Available at: https://archive.fo/aC1Oy (accessed: 04.04.2024)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Askim J. R., Suslick K. S. Hand-held reader for colorimetric sensor arrays // Anal. Chem. 2015. Vol. 87, iss. 15. P. 7810–7816. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01499</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Askim J. R., Suslick K. S. Hand-Held Reader for Colorimetric Sensor Arrays. Anal. Chem. 2015, vol. 87, iss. 15, pp. 7810–7816. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01499</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Z., Suslick K. S. The optoelectronic nose // Acc. Chem. Res. 2021. Vol. 54. P. 950–960. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00671</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Z., Suslick K. S. The Optoelectronic Nose. Acc. Chem. Res. 2021, vol. 54, pp. 950–960. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00671</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Non-contact identification and differentiation of illicit drugs using fluorescent films / K. Liu, C. Shang, Z. Wang, R. Miao, K. Liu, T. Liu, Y. Fang // Nature Communications. 2018. Vol. 9. Art. num. 1695. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04119-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu K., Shang C., Wang Z., Miao R., Liu K., Liu T., Fang Y. Non-Contact Identification and Differentiation of Illicit Drugs Using Fluorescent Films. Nature Communications. 2018, vol. 9, art. num. 1695. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04119-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Z., Askim J. R., Suslick K. S. The optoelectronic nose: colorimetric and fluorometric sensor arrays // Chem. Rev. 2019. Vol. 119, iss. 1. P. 231–292. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00226</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Z., Askim J. R., Suslick K. S. The Optoelectronic Nose: Colorimetric and Fluorometric Sensor Arrays. Chem. Rev. 2019, vol. 119, iss. 1, pp. 231–292. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00226</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A digitally printed optoelectronic nose for the selective trace detection of nitroaromatic explosive vapours using fluorescence quenching / N. Bolse, R. Eckstein, M. Schend, A. Habermehl, C. Eschenbaum, G. Hernandez-Sosa, U. Lemmer // Flex. Print. Electron. 2017. Vol. 2. P. 024001. doi: 10.1088/2058-8585/aa6601</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolse N., Eckstein R., Schend M., Habermehl A., Eschenbaum C., Hernandez-Sosa G., Lemmer U. A Digitally Printed Optoelectronic Nose for the Selective Trace Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosive Vapours Using Fluorescence Quenching. Flex. Print. Electron. 2017, vol. 2, p. 024001. doi: 10.1088/2058-8585/aa6601</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hastie T., Tibshirani R., Friedman J. The elements of statistical learning. 2nd ed. New York: Springer New York, 2009. 745 p. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-84858-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hastie T., Tibshirani R., Friedman J. The EleMents of Statistical Learning. 2nd ed. New York, Springer New York, 2009, 745 p. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-84858-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jolliffe I. T., Cadima J. Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments // Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 2016. Vol. 374. P. 20150202. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0202</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jolliffe I. T., Cadima J. Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 2016, vol. 374, p. 20150202. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0202</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комбинации люминесцентных материалов для однозначной идентификации паров нитросоединений / Р. Д. Чувашов, А. А. Баранова, К. О. Хохлов, Ю. А. Квашнин, Е. В. Вербицкий // Технологии безопасности жизнедеятельности. 2023. № 4. С. 5–16. doi: 10.17223/7783494/4/1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chuvashov R. D., Baranova A. A., Khokhlov K. O., Kvashnin Y. A., Verbitskiy E. V. Combinations of Luminescent Materials for Unambiguous Identification of Nitrocompound Vapors. Life Safety. Security Technologies. 2023, vol. 4, pp. 5–16. doi: 10.17223/7783494/4/1 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trimethylsilylethynyl-Substituted Pyrene Doped Materials as Improved Fluorescent Sensors towards Nitroaromatic Explosives and Related Compounds / R. D. Chuvashov, E. F. Zhilina, K. I. Lugovik, A. A. Baranova, K. O. Khokhlov et al. // Chemosensors. 2023. Vol. 11, iss. 3. P. 167. doi: 10.3390/chemosensors11030167</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chuvashov R. D., Zhilina E. F., Lugovik K. I., Baranova A. A., Khokhlov K. O., et al. Trimethylsilylethynyl-Substituted Pyrene Doped Materials as Improved Fluorescent Sensors towards Nitroaromatic Explosives and Related Compounds. Chemosensors. 2023, vol. 11, iss. 3, p. 167. doi: 10.3390/chemosensors11030167</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Random copolymers of styrene with pendant fluorophore moieties: synthesis and applications as fluorescence sensors for nitroaromatics / M. Zen Eddin, E. F. Zhilina, R. D. Chuvashov, A. I. Dubovik, A. V. Mekhave, K. A. Chistyakov, A. A. Baranova, K. O. Khokhlov, G. L. Rusinov, E. V. Verbitskiy, V. N. Charushin // Molecules. 2022. Vol. 27, № 20. P. 6957. doi: 10.3390/molecules27206957</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zen Eddin M., Zhilina E. F., Chuvashov R. D., Dubovik A. I., Mekhave A. V., Chistyakov K. A., Baranova A. A., Khokhlov K. O., Rusinov G. L., Verbitskiy E. V., Charushin V. N. Random Copolymers of Styrene with Pendant Fluorophore Moieties: Synthesis and Applications as Fluorescence Sensors for Nitroaromatics. Molecules. 2022, vol. 27, no. 20, p. 6957. doi: 10.3390/molecules27206957</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lynch E. J., Wilke C. R. Vapor Pressure of Nitrobenzene at Low Temperatures // J. Chem. Eng. Data. 1960. Vol. 5, iss. 3. P. 300. doi: 10.1021/je60007a018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lynch E. J., Wilke C. R. Vapor Pressure of Nitro-benzene at Low Temperatures. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 1960, vol. 5, iss. 3, p. 300. doi: 10.1021/je60007a018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vapor Pressure of Chemicals. Subvolume B: Vapor Pressure and Antoine Constants for Oxygen Containing Organic Compounds / J. Dykyj, J. Svoboda, R. C. Wilhoit, M. Frenkel, K. R. Hall. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2000. 327 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dykyj J., Svoboda J., Wilhoit R.C., Frenkel M., Hall K. R. Vapor Pressure of Chemicals. Subvolume B: Vapor Pressure and Antoine Constants for Oxygen Containing Organic Compounds. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 2000, 327 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toluene. NIST Chemistry WebBook. URL: https://archive.fo/luQNt (дата обращения: 04.04.2024)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toluene. NIST Chemistry WebBook. Available at: https://archive.fo/luQNt (accessed: 04.04.2024)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ammonia. NIST Chemistry WebBook. URL: https://archive.fo/QbeZz (дата обращения: 04.04.2024)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ammonia. NIST Chemistry WebBook. Available at: https://archive.fo/QbeZz (accessed: 04.04.2024)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dichlorobenzene. NIST Chemistry WebBook. URL: https://archive.fo/T29XZ (дата обращения: 04.04.2024)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dichlorobenzene. NIST Chemistry WebBook. Available at: https://archive.fo/T29XZ (accessed: 04.04.2024)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Флуоресцентное определение паров нитробензола с использованием допированного флуорофорами полистирола / Р. Д. Чувашов, Д. В. Беляев, К. О. Хохлов, А. А. Баранова, М. Зен Еддин, И. И. Мильман, Е. В. Вербицкий // Аналитика и контроль. 2022. T. 26, № 4. C. 284–297. doi: 10.15826/analitika.2022.26.4.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chuvashov R. D., Belyaev D. V., Khokhlov K. O., Baranova A. A., Eddin M. Z., Milman I. I., Verbitskiy E. V. Fluorescent detection of nitrobenzene vapors via fluorophore-doped polystyrene materials. Analytics and Control. 2022, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 284–297. doi: 10.15826/analitika.2022.26.4.005 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta A., Biswas B., Dutta T. Approaches and Applications of Early Classification of Time Series: A Review // IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence. 2020. Vol. 1, iss. 1. P. 47–61. doi: 10.1109/TAI.2020.3027279</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta A., Biswas B., Dutta T. Approaches and Applications of Early Classification of Time Series: A Review. IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence. 2020, vol. 1, iss. 1, pp. 47–61. doi: 10.1109/TAI.2020.3027279</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brereton R. G. The Chi squared and multinormal distributions // J. Chemometrics. 2014. Vol. 29. P. 9–12. doi: 10.1002/cem.2680</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brereton R. G. The Chi Squared and Multinormal Distributions. J. Chemometrics. 2014, vol. 29, pp. 9–12. doi: 10.1002/cem.2680</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
