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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2024-27-3-52-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-889</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАДИОЛОКАЦИЯ И РАДИОНАВИГАЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RADAR AND NAVIGATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>CFAR-обнаружитель цели в радиолокаторе с синтезированной апертурой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CFAR Target Detector in Synthetic Aperture Radar</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4469-0501</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Монаков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Monakov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Монаков Андрей Алексеевич - доктор технических наук (2000), профессор (2005) кафедры радиотехнических систем ГУАП, почетный машиностроитель РФ (2005), почетный работник высшего профессионального образования РФ (2006).</p><p>ул. Большая Морская, д. 67 А, Санкт-Петербург, 190000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Monakov - Dr Sci. (Eng.) (2000), Professor (2005) of the Department of Radio Engineering Systems of Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Honored Mechanical Engineer of the Russian Federation (2005), Honored Worker of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation (2006).</p><p>67 A, Bolshaya Morskaya St., St Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_monakov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт радиотехники и телекоммуникационных технологий, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет аэрокосмического приборостроения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Radio Technique and Telecommunication Technologies, Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Монаков А.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Монаков А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Monakov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/889">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/889</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Обнаружители с постоянным уровнем ложной тревоги (CFAR-обнаружители) нашли применение в радиолокаторах с синтезированной апертурой. Принцип работы классического CA-CFAR-обнаружителя основан на сравнении решающей статистики в тестируемом элементе разрешения с адаптивным порогом, который вычисляется по сигналам в контрольных элементах. В качестве решающей статистки используется оценка мощности сигнала, поэтому обнаружение сигнала цели основано на яркостном контрасте тестируемого и контрольных элементов разрешения. Такой обнаружитель является оптимальным, если помеховый фон однороден. При нарушении однородности фона качество обнаружения снижается. Известны несколько способов улучшения качества обнаружения (GO-CFAR, SO-CFAR, OS-CFAR и др.). Однако сам принцип обнаружения по яркостному контрасту в таких CFAR-обнаружителях остается неизменным.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Синтезировать CFAR-обнаружитель, который использует для обнаружения не только яркостный контраст между тестируемым и контрольными элементами разрешения, но и спектральные отличия сигналов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В предлагаемом CFAR-обнаружителе используются оценки алгебраических моментов спектральной плотности мощности сигналов в элементах разрешения по дальности, на основе которых вычисляются 3 решающие статистики, содержащие информацию о мощности, положении энергетического центра и ширине спектра сигнала . Решение о присутствии цели в тестируемом элементе разрешения осуществляется по правилу "2/3" (2 превышения порога из трех проверок).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сравнение предлагаемого обнаружителя с SO-CFAR-обнаружителем с помощью компьютерного моделирования показало, что при отношении сигнал/помеха -6 дБ и вероятности ложной тревоги 10-4 вероятность правильного обнаружения предлагаемого обнаружителя составляет 0.933 против 0.708 у SO-CFAR-обнаружителя.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предложен трехпараметрический CFAR-обнаружитель цели для радиолокатора с синтезированной апертурой, в котором решение о присутствии цели принимается на основе оценки трех алгебраических моментов спектра сигнала. Синтезированный алгоритм обнаружения может быть также использован для обнаружения движущихся целей в радиолокаторе с синтезированной апертурой.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detectors have found application in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. The operating principle of a classic cell averaging detector (CA-CFAR detector) is based on comparing the decision statistics in the test resolution element with an adaptive threshold, which is calculated from signals in the reference cells. The decision statistic is an estimate of the signal power. Therefore, target signal detection is based on the brightness contrast of the test and reference resolution cells. Such a detector is optimal provided that the noise background is homogeneous. In cases where the background homogeneity is violated, the quality of detection deteriorates. There are several known methods for improving the quality of detection (GO-CFAR, SO-CFAR, OS-CFAR, etc.). However, the precise principle of detection by brightness contrast in such CFAR detectors remains unchanged.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To synthesize a CFAR detector that uses not only the brightness contrast between the test and reference resolution cells, but also the spectral differences of the signals.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The proposed CFAR detector uses estimates of the algebraic moments of the power spectral density of signals in range cells, based on which three decision statistics are calculated containing information about the power, the position of the energy center, and the width of the signal spectrum. The decision about the presence of a target in the test cell is carried out according to the 2/3 rule (2 threshold overshoots out of 3 comparisons).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A comparison of the proposed detector with the SO-CFAR detector, performed by computer simulation, showed that, under a signal-to-clutter ratio of -6 dB and a false alarm probability of 10-4, the detection probability of the proposed detector was 0.933 versus 0.708 for the SO-CFAR detector.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The article proposes a three-parameter CFAR detector for a synthetic aperture radar system, in which the decision on the presence of a target in the test cell is made via estimation of the first three algebraic moments of the signal spectrum. The synthesized detection algorithm can also be used when detecting moving targets in SAR.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>CFAR-обнаружитель</kwd><kwd>алгебраические моменты спектра</kwd><kwd>радиолокатор с синтезированной апертурой</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CFAR detector</kwd><kwd>algebraic moments of the signal spectrum</kwd><kwd>synthetic aperture radar</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gandhi P. P., Kassam S. A. Analysis of CFAR processors in non-homogeneous background // IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1988. Vol. 24, № 4. P. 427-445. doi: 10.1109/7.7185</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gandhi P. P., Kassam S. A. Analysis of CFAR Processors in Non-Homogeneous Background. 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