radioelectronicsИзвестия высших учебных заведений России. РадиоэлектроникаJournal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics1993-89852658-4794Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University10.32603/1993-8985-2024-27-2-6-36radioelectronics-861Research ArticleЭЛЕКТРОДИНАМИКА, МИКРОВОЛНОВАЯ ТЕХНИКА, АНТЕННЫELECTRODYNAMICS, MICROWAVE ENGINEERING, ANTENNASОбзор конструкций линзовых антенн Люнеберга, изготовленных методами 3D-печатиReview of Luneburg Lens Antenna Designs Manufactured Using 3D PrintingКусайкинД. В.KusaykinD. V.

Кусайкин Дмитрий Вячеславович – кандидат технических наук (2015), доцент (2021), доцент кафедры многоканальной электрической связи УрТИСИ СибГУТИ, ул. Репина, д. 15, Екатеринбург, 620109

Dmitry V. Kusaykin, Cand. Sci. (2015), Associate Professor of the Department of Multichannel Electrical Communication

15, Repina St., Yekaterinburg 62010

kusaykin@mail.ruГригорьевИ. В.GrigorievI. V.

Григорьев Игорь Владимирович – бакалавр по направлению "Радиотехника" (2022), студент 2-го курса магистратуры

ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022

Igor V. Grigoriev, Bachelor in "Radio Engineering" (2022), 2nd year Master's student

5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022

grigorev.i1@mail.ruДенисовД. В.DenisovD. V.

Денисов Дмитрий Вадимович – кандидат технических наук (2015), доцент (2021), доцент кафедры информационных технологий и систем управления; доцент кафедры информационных систем и технологий 

ул. Мира, д. 32, Екатеринбург, 620002

Dmitry V. Denisov, Cand. Sci. (2015), Associate Professor of the Department of Information Technologies and Control Systems; Associate Professor of the Department of Information Systems and Technologies

32, Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002

denisov.dv55@gmail.comТуральчукП. А.TuralchukP. A.

Туральчук Павел Анатольевич – кандидат физико-математических наук (2010), доцент кафедры микрорадиоэлектроники и технологии радиоаппаратуры 

ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022

Pavel A. Turalchuk, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.) (2010), Associate Professor of the Department of Microradioelectronics and Technology of Radio Equipment

5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022

paturalchuk@etu.ruУральский технический институт связи и информатики (филиал) Сибирского государственного университета телекоммуникаций и информатики (УрТИСИ СибГУТИ)РоссияUral Technical Institute of Communications and Informatics of the Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (UrTISI SibGUTI)Russian FederationСанкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)РоссияSaint Petersburg Electrotechnical UniversityRussian FederationИнститут радиоэлектроники и информационных технологий – РТФ Уральского федерального университета; Уральский технический институт связи и информатики (филиал) Сибирского государственного университета телекоммуникаций и информатики (УрТИСИ СибГУТИ)РоссияInstitute of Radioelectronics and Information Technologies – RTF of the Ural Federal University; Ural Technical Institute of Communications and Informatics of the Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (UrTISI SibGUTI)Russian Federation202425042024272636Copyright © Кусайкин Д.В., Григорьев И.В., Денисов Д.В., Туральчук П.А., 20242024Кусайкин Д.В., Григорьев И.В., Денисов Д.В., Туральчук П.А.Kusaykin D.V., Grigoriev I.V., Denisov D.V., Turalchuk P.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/861Введение

Введение. Интерес к многолучевым диэлектрическим линзовым антеннам в последние годы растет в связи с развитием телекоммуникационных и радиолокационных систем миллиметрового диапазона. При разработке систем мобильной связи с технологией адаптивного формирования луча в качестве альтернативы сложным в реализации и обладающим высоким энергопотреблением фазированным антенным решеткам все чаще рассматривают многолучевые системы на основе линзовых антенн. В последние годы появилось много публикаций по разработке сферических и цилиндрических линзовых антенн Люнеберга, реализованных с помощью технологии аддитивного производства. В данной статье приведен обзор линзовых антенн Люнеберга, изготовленных с помощью 3D-печати, которые могут найти применение в системах мобильной связи пятого и шестого поколений.

Цель работы

Цель работы. Обзор достижений в области изготовления линзовых антенн Люнеберга различных конструкций аддитивными методами производства.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Материалы для анализа и систематизации были отобраны из отечественных и зарубежных научных публикаций, тезисов докладов всероссийских, международных конференций, а также вебсайтов производителей линзовых антенн за последние 20 лет. Механизм отбора материала основывался на оригинальности представленных конструкций напечатанных линзовых антенн Люнеберга.

Результаты

Результаты. Проведен обзор конструкций линзовых антенн Люнеберга, изготовленных с помощью 3D-печати, которые отличаются друг от друга механической прочностью, сложностью исполнения и электродинамическими характеристиками. Представлены результаты сравнительного анализа ключевых характеристик этих антенн, а также приведены примеры их практической реализации.

Заключение

Заключение. Недостатком линзовых антенн Люнеберга всегда выступала сложность их изготовления, однако технологии аддитивного производства открывают новые возможности для быстрого, качественного и автоматизированного производства. Для создания диэлектрических линзовых антенн могут быть применены различные технологии 3D-печати, отличающиеся разрешающей способностью принтеров, скоростью печати и себестоимостью. С каждым годом методы аддитивного производства непрерывно развиваются и в настоящий момент достигнуты технологические возможности печати линзы Люнеберга для суб-ТГц-диапазона с высоким разрешением и точностью. Также появились 3D-принтеры, способные печатать одновременно несколько линз.

Introduction

Introduction. The interest in multibeam dielectric lens antenna arrays has been growing in recent years due to the development of millimeter-wave telecommunication and radar systems. Progress in the development of mobile communication systems based on adaptive beamforming technology is increasingly associated with multibeam systems based on lens antenna structures, providing an alternative to hard-to-implement and energy-consuming phased antenna arrays. In recent years, spherical and cylindrical Luneburg lens antennas implemented using additive manufacturing technology have attracted research attention. Despite their complexity of execution, these design exhibit excellent electromagnetic characteristics. This paper provides a review of Luneburg lens antennas manufactured using 3D printing, which can find application in 5G and 6G communication systems.

Aim

Aim. To review achievements in the design of lens antenna structures manufactured using additive manufacturing.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Materials for analysis, comparison, and systematization were derived from various sources, including research articles, publications in proceedings of Russian and international conferences, and websites of manufacturers of lens antennas over the past 20 years. The material selection mechanism was based on the originality of the presented designs of printed Luneburg lens antennas.

Results

Results. A review of Luneburg lens antennas manufactured using 3D printing, which differ from each other in terms of mechanical strength, complexity of execution, and electrodynamic characteristics, was carried out. The results of a comparative analysis of the key characteristics of these antennas are presented, along with examples of their practical implementation.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The disadvantage of Luneburg lens antennas has always been the complexity of their manufacture; however, additive manufacturing technologies open up new opportunities for their fast, high-quality, and automated production. Various 3D printing technologies can be used to create dielectric lens antennas, which differ in the resolution of printers, printing speed, and cost. Additive manufacturing methods are constantly developing, having reached the technological possibility of printing Luneburg lens for the sub-THz range with a high level of resolution and accuracy. In addition, 3D printers capable of printing multiple lenses simultaneously have also appeared.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.