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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2024-27-1-6-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-836</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАДИОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА ПЕРЕДАЧИ, ПРИЕМА И ОБРАБОТКИ СИГНАЛОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RADIO ELECTRONIC FACILITIES FOR SIGNAL TRANSMISSION, RECEPTION AND PROCESSING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методы обработки сигналов акселерометров на железнодорожном транспорте  с использованием вейвлет-преобразования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Techniques for Accelerometer Reading Processing on Railway Transport Using Wavelet Transform</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боронахин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boronakhin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боронахин Александр Михайлович – доктор технических наук (2013), профессор (2020), профессор кафедры лазерных измерительных и навигационных систем, декан факультета информационно-измерительных и биотехнических систем </p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander M. Boronakhin, Dr Sci. (Eng.) (2013), Professor (2020) of the Department of Laser Measurement and Navigation Systems </p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AMBoronahin@etu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9294-8338</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Большакова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolshakova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Большакова Александра Васильевна ‒ магистр по направлению "Приборостроение" (2019), ассистент кафедры лазерных измерительных и навигационных систем</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra V. Bolshakova, Master in instrumentation engineering (2019), Assistant Professor of the Department of Laser Measurement and Navigation Systems </p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197002</p><p>   </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avbolshakova@etu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клионский</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klionskiy</surname><given-names>D.  M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клионский Дмитрий Михайлович ‒ кандидат технических наук (2013), доцент (2017), доцент кафедры информационных систем, а также кафедры математического обеспечения и применения ЭВМ</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry M. Klionskiy, Cand. Sci. (2013), Associate Professor (2017) Associate Professor of the Department of Information Systems and Department of Software Engineering and Computer Applications </p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197002</p><p>   </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klio2003@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-9211</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларионов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larionov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ларионов Даниил Юрьевич – кандидат технических наук (2016), доцент кафедры лазерных измерительных и навигационных систем</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil Yu. Larionov, Cand. Sci. (2016) Associate Professor of the Department of Laser Measurement and Navigation Systems </p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197002</p><p>   </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lariondan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалымов</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalymov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шалымов Роман Вадимович – кандидат технических наук (2014), доцент кафедры лазерных измерительных и навигационных систем</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman V. Shalymov, Cand. Sci. (2014) Associate Professor of the Department of Laser Measurement and Navigation Systems </p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197002</p><p>   </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rvshalymov@etu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боронахин А.М., Большакова А.В., Клионский Д.М., Ларионов Д.Ю., Шалымов Р.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боронахин А.М., Большакова А.В., Клионский Д.М., Ларионов Д.Ю., Шалымов Р.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boronakhin A.M., Bolshakova A.V., Klionskiy D.M., Larionov D.Y., Shalymov R.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/836">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/836</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Вопросы безопасности железнодорожного транспорта напрямую связаны с состоянием железнодорожного полотна, а также поверхности колес вагонов. Одной из причин возникновения нештатных ситуаций на железной дороге могут быть различные дефекты, например неровности рельсового пути, поэтому актуальной является задача измерения и расчета коротких и импульсных неровностей. Важным также является проведение совместного анализа сигналов виброускорений акселерометров с целью исследования типов и размеров неровностей рельсового пути.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Разработка алгоритма поиска дефектов поверхности катания рельса по показаниям акселерометров с вертикальной измерительной осью, установленных на буксовых узлах колесной тележки вагона.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В рамках проведенного исследования использовались методы вейвлетпреобразования и вейвлет-обработки сигналов, включая дискретное вейвлет-преобразование и непрерывное вейвлет-преобразование, а также частотно-временной анализ на основе фурье-спектрограммы и непрерывной вейвлет-скалограммы. Данные методы обеспечивают частотно-временную локализацию событий в сигнале, в том числе обнаружение дефектов железнодорожного полотна и определение его параметров.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Предложены алгоритмы обработки и анализа вибрационных сигналов с помощью непрерывного и дискретного вейвлет-преобразования. Показано, что дискретное вейвлет-преобразование эффективно при проведении мультиразрешающего и мультиполосного анализа сигналов виброускорений, а непрерывное вейвлет-преобразование и вейвлет-скалограмма позволяют выявлять дефекты рельсового пути и определять их параметры. Относительная погрешность определения глубины неровности улучшилась на 18 %, а абсолютная погрешность определения длины неровности уменьшилась в 7 раз.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Применение дискретного преобразования Фурье и фурье-спектрограммы к анализу сигналов виброускорений обеспечивает хорошее разрешение в частотной области, однако при этом затруднительным является разделение компонент во временной и частотно-временной областях. Ключевой является именно частотновременная локализация. Непрерывное вейвлет-преобразование обеспечивает достаточное разрешение в низкочастотной области для локализации компонент, а также качественной и количественной визуализации дефектов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Safety issues of railway transport are inevitably connected with the condition of railway tracks and railway wheels. Various defects, such as irregularities of the railway track, may lead to emergencies and incidents. Therefore, it is important to measure and calculate short and impulse irregularities. A joint analysis of vibration acceleration signals is needed in order to study the types and size of railway track irregularities.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Development of an algorithm for irregularity search based on accelerometer readings with the vertical measurement axis.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The research encompassed wavelet transformation and wavelet-based signal processing including discrete-time signal processing and continuous wavelet processing. In addition, time-frequency analysis based on Fourier transform and continuous wavelet scalogram was used. These methods provide for time-frequency localization for irregularity detection and measurement.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Algorithms for vibrational signal processing using the continuous and discrete-time wavelet transform are proposed. The results show that the discrete wavelet transform is effective for multiresolution and multiband analysis, and continuous wavelet transform and wavelet scalogram allows extraction of irregularities and determination of their parameters. The relative error for irregularity depth was improved by 18 %, and the absolute error for irregularity length determinations was reduced by 7 times.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Application of the discrete Fourier transform and Fourier spectrogram provides for fine resolution in the frequency domain. However, separation of signal components in the time-frequency domain is impeded. The continuous-time wavelet transform ensures sufficient resolution in the low-frequency domain for component localization and visualization of irregularities.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дефект рельсового пути</kwd><kwd>непрерывное вейвлет-преобразование</kwd><kwd>дискретное вейвлетпреобразование</kwd><kwd>виброускорение</kwd><kwd>виброперемещение</kwd><kwd>вейвлет-скалограмма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>railway track irregularity</kwd><kwd>continuous wavelet transform</kwd><kwd>discrete-time wavelet transform</kwd><kwd>vibro acceleration</kwd><kwd>vibrational movement</kwd><kwd>wavelet scalogram</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-29-01428.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-29-01428.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inertial System for Railway Track Diagnostics / А. 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