<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2022-25-5-56-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-677</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАДИОЛОКАЦИЯ И РАДИОНАВИГАЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RADAR AND NAVIGATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Research and Design of an X-Band UHF Power Amplifier</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research and Design of an X-Band UHF Power Amplifier</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Xuan Luong</surname><given-names>Nguyen</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Xuan Luong</surname><given-names>Nguyen</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Xuan Luong Nguyen, Master Degree (2013) in radio navigation systems</p><p>334, Nguyen Trai, Hanoi</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Xuan Luong Nguyen, Master Degree (2013) in radio navigation systems at Le Quy Don Technical University, Vietnam. Systems Engineer at the Research Institute of Radio Navigation Systems. PhD student in at the Department of Radio Physics</p><p>334, Nguyen Trai, Hanoi</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">xuanluongfpga@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Dang</surname><given-names>Thi Thanh Thuy</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dang</surname><given-names>Thanh Thuy Thi</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Dang Thi Thanh Thuy, PhD (2012), lecturer at the Department of Radio Physics, Associate Professor (2018)</p><p>334, Nguyen Trai, Hanoi</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dang Thi Thanh Thuy, PhD (2012), lecturer at the Department of Radio Physics, VNU University of Science. Associate Professor (2018)</p><p>334, Nguyen Trai, Hanoi</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dangthithanhthuy@vnu.edu.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Phung Bao</surname><given-names>Nguyen</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Phung Bao</surname><given-names>Nguyen</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Phung Bao Nguyen, PhD (1996), Visiting Lecturer of the Institute of System Integration/TU Le Quy Don; Former Director of the Institute of System Integration/TU Le Quy Don; Former Deputy of Director of the IMC/VUSTA/Ministry of Science &amp; Technology/SRV</p><p>236, Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Phung Bao Nguyen, PhD (1996), Visiting Lecturer of the Institute of System Integration/TU Le Quy Don; Former Director of the Institute of System Integration/TU Le Quy Don; Former Deputy of Director of the IMC/VUSTA/Ministry of Science &amp; Technology/SRV</p><p>236, Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nguyenphungbao@lqdtu.edu.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Van Bac</surname><given-names>Nguyen</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Van Bac</surname><given-names>Nguyen</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Van Bac Nguyen, Master Degree (2013) in Radar Engineering of Military Academy of Field Anti-Aircraft Defense named after Marshal of Soviet Union A. M. Vasilevsky, Russian Federation. Lecturer of the Department of Electronic Technologies of Institute of System Integration/TU Le Quy Don</p><p>236, Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Van Bac Nguyen, Master Degree (2013) in Radar Engineering of Military Academy of Field Anti-Aircraft Defense named after Marshal of Soviet Union A. M. Vasilevsky, Russian Federation. Lecturer of the Department of Electronic Technologies of Institute of System Integration/TU Le Quy Don</p><p>236, Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvback42@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>VNU University of Science</institution><country>Вьетнам</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>VNU University of Science</institution><country>Viet Nam</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Le Quy Don Technical University</institution><country>Вьетнам</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Le Quy Don Technical University</institution><country>Viet Nam</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Xuan Luong N., Dang T., Phung Bao N., Van Bac N., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Xuan Luong N., Dang T., Phung Bao N., Van Bac N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Xuan Luong N., Dang T., Phung Bao N., Van Bac N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/677">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/677</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. A method for designing power amplifiers for use in the transmitting channels of X-band transceiver modules is investigated. The design process was aimed at optimizing the relationship between the basic amplifier characteristics, including the operating frequency band, output power level, output linearity, high harmonics suppression, etc.  </p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Investigation of a method for designing an X-band UHF power amplifier, which is capable of optimizing the relationship between its main characteristics.  </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Theoretical calculations were combined with experimental studies into the design of a UHF power amplifier. The stages of the design process are described in detail, including major ideas, principal circuits, and strip circuits. Evaluations were conducted using the Keysight ADS high frequency circuit simulation tool.  </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A method for designing X-band UHF power amplifiers on the basis of a close combination of theory, simulation, and experimental adjustment was described in detail.  </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A prototype of an X-band PA was developed; an approach to developing a methodology for manufacturing, measuring, and testing X-band PAs is described.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. A method for designing power amplifiers for use in the transmitting channels of X-band transceiver modules is investigated. The design process was aimed at optimizing the relationship between the basic amplifier characteristics, including the operating frequency band, output power level, output linearity, high harmonics suppression, etc.  </p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Investigation of a method for designing an X-band UHF power amplifier, which is capable of optimizing the relationship between its main characteristics.  </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Theoretical calculations were combined with experimental studies into the design of a UHF power amplifier. The stages of the design process are described in detail, including major ideas, principal circuits, and strip circuits. Evaluations were conducted using the Keysight ADS high frequency circuit simulation tool.  </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A method for designing X-band UHF power amplifiers on the basis of a close combination of theory, simulation, and experimental adjustment was described in detail.  </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A prototype of an X-band PA was developed; an approach to developing a methodology for manufacturing, measuring, and testing X-band PAs is described.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ultra-high-frequency power amplifier (UHF PA)</kwd><kwd>power amplifier element (PA element)</kwd><kwd>power added efficiency (PAE)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ultra-high-frequency power amplifier (UHF PA)</kwd><kwd>power amplifier element (PA element)</kwd><kwd>power added efficiency (PAE)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">The paper is part of the scientific and technological project "Research and design of multifunctional radio navigation systems X-band" chaired by the Research Institute of Radio Positioning Systems SRV.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The paper is part of the scientific and technological project "Research and design of multifunctional radio navigation systems X-band" chaired by the Research Institute of Radio Positioning Systems SRV.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wulf-Dieter Wirth. Radar Techniques Using Array Antennas. 2nd Ed.. London, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013, 460 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wulf-Dieter Wirth. Radar Techniques Using Array Antennas. 2nd Ed.. London, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013, 460 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cripps S. C. RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications. 2nd Ed. Norwood, Artech House, 2006, 474 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cripps S. C. RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications. 2nd Ed. Norwood, Artech House, 2006, 474 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang J., He S., You F., Shi W., Peng J., Li Ch. Codesign of High-Efficiency Power Amplifier and Ring-Resonator Filter Based on a Series of Continuous Modes and Even-Odd-Mode Analysis. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. 2018, vol. 66, iss. 6, pp. 2867– 2878. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2018.2819650</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang J., He S., You F., Shi W., Peng J., Li Ch. Codesign of High-Efficiency Power Amplifier and Ring-Resonator Filter Based on a Series of Continuous Modes and Even-Odd-Mode Analysis. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. 2018, vol. 66, iss. 6, pp. 2867– 2878. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2018.2819650</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thian M., Barakat A., Fusco V. High-Efficiency Harmonic-Peaking Class-EF Power Amplifiers with Enhanced Maximum Operating Frequency. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. 2015, vol. 63, iss. 2, pp. 659–671. doi: 10.1109/TMTT. 2014.2386327</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thian M., Barakat A., Fusco V. High-Efficiency Harmonic-Peaking Class-EF Power Amplifiers with Enhanced Maximum Operating Frequency. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. 2015, vol. 63, iss. 2, pp. 659–671. doi: 10.1109/TMTT. 2014.2386327</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poluri N., De Souza M. M. High-Efficiency Modes Contiguous with Class B/J and Continuous Class F −1 Amplifiers. IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 2019, vol. 29, iss. 2, pp. 137–139. doi: 10.1109/LMWC. 2018.2886655</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poluri N., De Souza M. M. High-Efficiency Modes Contiguous with Class B/J and Continuous Class F −1 Amplifiers. IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 2019, vol. 29, iss. 2, pp. 137–139. doi: 10.1109/LMWC. 2018.2886655</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">García J. A., Popović Z. Class-E Rectifiers and Power Converters. 2017 IEEE MTT-S Intern. Microwave Symp. (IMS), Honololu, HI, 2017, pp. 1327– 1330. doi: 10.1109/MWSYM.2017.8058856</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">García J. A., Popović Z. Class-E Rectifiers and Power Converters. 2017 IEEE MTT-S Intern. Microwave Symp. (IMS), Honololu, HI, 2017, pp. 1327– 1330. doi: 10.1109/MWSYM.2017.8058856</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saxena S., Rawat K., Roblin P. Continuous Class-B/J Power Amplifier Using a Nonlinear Embedding Technique. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs. 2017, vol. 64, iss. 7, pp. 837–841. doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2016.2633300</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saxena S., Rawat K., Roblin P. Continuous Class-B/J Power Amplifier Using a Nonlinear Embedding Technique. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs. 2017, vol. 64, iss. 7, pp. 837–841. doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2016.2633300</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Z., Cheng Z., Liu G. Design of Broadband Class EF Power Amplifier Based on Low-Pass Filter Matching Structure. IEICE Electronics Express. 2019, vol. 16, iss. 12, p. 20190264. doi: 10.1587/elex.16.20190264</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Z., Cheng Z., Liu G. Design of Broadband Class EF Power Amplifier Based on Low-Pass Filter Matching Structure. IEICE Electronics Express. 2019, vol. 16, iss. 12, p. 20190264. doi: 10.1587/elex.16.20190264</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meng X., Yu C., Liu Y., Wu Y. Design Approach for Implementation of Class-J Broadband Power Amplifiers Using Synthesized Band-Pass and Low-Pass Matching Topology. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 2017, vol. 65, iss. 12, pp. 4984–4996. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2017.2711021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meng X., Yu C., Liu Y., Wu Y. Design Approach for Implementation of Class-J Broadband Power Amplifiers Using Synthesized Band-Pass and Low-Pass Matching Topology. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 2017, vol. 65, iss. 12, pp. 4984–4996. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2017.2711021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shwetal P., Sunil K. Methods and Steps Required for the Development of a RF Power Amplifier. IJCRT. 2018, vol. 6, iss. 1, pp. 1742–1746.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shwetal P., Sunil K. Methods and Steps Required for the Development of a RF Power Amplifier. IJCRT. 2018, vol. 6, iss. 1, pp. 1742–1746.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiss M., Raab F., Popovic Z. Linearity of X-Band Class-F Power Amplifiers in High-Efficiency Transmitters. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 2001, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 1174–1179. doi: 10.1109/22.925515</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiss M., Raab F., Popovic Z. Linearity of X-Band Class-F Power Amplifiers in High-Efficiency Transmitters. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 2001, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 1174–1179. doi: 10.1109/22.925515</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dong-Hwan Shin, In-Bok Yom, Dong-Wook Kim. X-Band GaN MMIC Power Amplifier for the SSPA of a SAR System. 2017 IEEE Intern. Symp. on Radio-Frequency Integration Technology (RFIT). Seoul, Korea (South), 30 August – 01 September 2017. IEEE, 2017. doi: 10.1109/RFIT.2017.8048093</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dong-Hwan Shin, In-Bok Yom, Dong-Wook Kim. X-Band GaN MMIC Power Amplifier for the SSPA of a SAR System. 2017 IEEE Intern. Symp. on Radio-Frequency Integration Technology (RFIT). Seoul, Korea (South), 30 August – 01 September 2017. IEEE, 2017. doi: 10.1109/RFIT.2017.8048093</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tran P., Smith M., Callejo L., Wojtowicz M., Siddiqui M. 2 to 18 GHz High-Power and High-Efficiency Amplifiers. 2017 IEEE MTT-S Intern. Microwave Symp. (IMS). Honololu, USA, 04–09 June 2017. IEEE, 2017. doi: 10.1109/MWSYM.2017.8058837</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tran P., Smith M., Callejo L., Wojtowicz M., Siddiqui M. 2 to 18 GHz High-Power and High-Efficiency Amplifiers. 2017 IEEE MTT-S Intern. Microwave Symp. (IMS). Honololu, USA, 04–09 June 2017. IEEE, 2017. doi: 10.1109/MWSYM.2017.8058837</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kyung-Tae Bae, Ik-Joon Lee, Byungjoo Kang, Sanghoon Sim, Laurence Jeon, Dong-Wook Kim. X-Band GaN Power Amplifier MMIC with a Third Harmonic-Tuned Circuit. Electronics. 2017, vol. 6, iss. 4, p. 103. doi: 10.3390/electronics6040103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kyung-Tae Bae, Ik-Joon Lee, Byungjoo Kang, Sanghoon Sim, Laurence Jeon, Dong-Wook Kim. X-Band GaN Power Amplifier MMIC with a Third Harmonic-Tuned Circuit. Electronics. 2017, vol. 6, iss. 4, p. 103. doi: 10.3390/electronics6040103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ken Hiraga, Takashi Hikage, Manabu Yamamoto, Toshio Nojima. Harmonic Matchinh and Reflecting PA with 2nd and 3rd Harmonic Phase Tuning. 2012 Intern. Symp. on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP). Nagoya, Japan, October – 02 November 2012. IEEE, 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ken Hiraga, Takashi Hikage, Manabu Yamamoto, Toshio Nojima. Harmonic Matchinh and Reflecting PA with 2nd and 3rd Harmonic Phase Tuning. 2012 Intern. Symp. on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP). Nagoya, Japan, October – 02 November 2012. IEEE, 2012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mjakin'kov V. Ju., Gubarev V. F., Rudyj Ju. B., Kovtunov D. A., Kalinin A. S., Fut'janov S. I., Rabodzej A. N., Shipilo E. M. Priemoperedajushhij modul' doplerovskogo izmeritelja skorosti, ugla snosa i vysoty dlja sovremennyh samoletov [Transmitter and Transmission Module for Doppler Velocity, Drift Angle and Altitude for Modern Aircraft]. Electronic Engineering, Ser. 1, Microwave Technology. 2013, no. 3(518), pp. 200–205.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mjakin'kov V. Ju., Gubarev V. F., Rudyj Ju. B., Kovtunov D. A., Kalinin A. S., Fut'janov S. I., Rabodzej A. N., Shipilo E. M. Priemoperedajushhij modul' doplerovskogo izmeritelja skorosti, ugla snosa i vysoty dlja sovremennyh samoletov [Transmitter and Transmission Module for Doppler Velocity, Drift Angle and Altitude for Modern Aircraft]. Electronic Engineering, Ser. 1, Microwave Technology. 2013, no. 3(518), pp. 200–205.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Power Amplifiers. Available at: https://www.qorvo.com/products/amplifiers/power-amplifiers (accessed 05.11.2022)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Power Amplifiers. Available at: https://www.qorvo.com/products/amplifiers/power-amplifiers (accessed 05.11.2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">TGF2977-SM. Available at: https://www.qorvo.com/products/d/da004922 (accessed 05.11.2022)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">TGF2977-SM. Available at: https://www.qorvo.com/products/d/da004922 (accessed 05.11.2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ADS 2016 Product Release. Available at: https://www.keysight.com/us/en/lib/resources/software-releases/ads-2016.html (accessed 05.11.2022)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ADS 2016 Product Release. Available at: https://www.keysight.com/us/en/lib/resources/software-releases/ads-2016.html (accessed 05.11.2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">PathWave Advanced Design System (ADS). Available at: https://www.keysight.com/us/en/lib/softwaredetail/computer-software/pathwave-advanced-design-system-ads-software-2212036.html (accessed 05.11.2022)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">PathWave Advanced Design System (ADS). Available at: https://www.keysight.com/us/en/lib/softwaredetail/computer-software/pathwave-advanced-design-system-ads-software-2212036.html (accessed 05.11.2022)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
