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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2022-25-5-42-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-676</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ РАДИОЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ СРЕДСТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENGINEERING DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGIES OF RADIO ELECTRONIC FACILITIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Способ пространственной обработки для радара системы контроля железнодорожного переезда</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A Method of Spatial Processing for a Railway Crossing Control Radar System</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1857-776X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузин Андрей Алексеевич – доцент (2013) кафедры информационных радиосистем</p><p>ул. Минина, д. 24, Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Kuzin, Associate Professor (2013) of the Department of Informational Radio Systems</p><p>24, Minin St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzin_andrey@nntu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-4134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мякиньков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miakinkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мякиньков Александр Валерьевич – доктор технических наук (2013), доцент (2010), профессор кафедры информационных радиосистем, директор Института радиоэлектроники и информационных технологий</p><p>ул. Минина, д. 24, Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Miakinkov, Dr Sci. (Eng.) (2013), Associate Professor (2010), Professor of the Department of Informational Radio Systems, Director of the Institute of Radio Electronics and Informational Technology</p><p>24, Minin St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">redvillage@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0531-209X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фомина Ксения Сергеевна –  инженер, аспирант и ассистент кафедры информационных радиосистем</p><p>ул. Минина, д. 24, Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia S. Fomina, engineer, Postgraduate and Assistant of the Department of Informational Radio Systems</p><p>24, Minin St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksf96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7772-4857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabalin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шабалин Семен Андреевич – инженер, ассистент кафедры информационных радиосистем</p><p>ул. Минина, д. 24, Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Semen A. Shabalin, Engineer, Assistant of the Department of Informational Radio Systems</p><p>24, Minin St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shabalin.semyon@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р. Е. Алексеева<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n. a. R. E. Alekseev<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузин А.А., Мякиньков А.В., Фомина К.С., Шабалин С.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузин А.А., Мякиньков А.В., Фомина К.С., Шабалин С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzin A.A., Miakinkov A.V., Fomina K.S., Shabalin S.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/676">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/676</self-uri><abstract><sec><title> Введение</title><p> Введение. Железнодорожный (ж/д) переезд является источником повышенной опасности как для автомобилей, так и для пешеходов. Для повышения безопасности движения в зоне ж/д переезда могут быть использованы радарные системы. В качестве антенн данных систем зачастую выступают антенные решетки (АР). Основными требованиями, предъявляемыми к радару на ж/д переезде, являются широкий сектор обзора (до 90°) и в то же время высокая точность определения координат целей. Является актуальным анализ способа построения АР и пространственной обработки для автоматической системы контроля движения на ж/д переезде, позволяющий обеспечить выполнение указанных требований.  </p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Разработка способа построения топологии АР и пространственной обработки радара для контроля движения на ж/д переезде, с помощью которого достигается широкий сектор обзора при высокой точности определения координат целей.  </p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для рассматриваемого способа построения АР использованы методы теории пространственно-временной обработки сигналов. Разработка анализируемых топологий АР выполнялась методом конечных элементов и методом конечных разностей на базе отрезков микрополосковой линии передачи.  </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработаны способ построения заполненной приемо-передающей АР и алгоритм формирования лучей, обеспечивающие высокое угловое разрешение и однозначное измерение угловых координат цели в широком секторе обзора при относительно низкой вычислительной сложности. Выполнено математическое и электродинамическое моделирование спроектированных топологий АР. Получены уточненные оценки диаграмм направленности (ДН) передающей и приемной АР, которые с высокой степенью точности совпадают с расчетными. Представлены основные конструктивные решения, касающиеся построения АР радара системы безопасности переезда, для обеспечения широкого сектора обзора при определении координат целей.  </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Показано, что ширина результирующей ДН АР может быть уменьшена в несколько раз по сравнению с шириной ДН приемной решетки при использовании двух передающих антенн, расположенных по краям апертуры. Такой подход во многом аналогичен использованию технологии MIMO, но не требует обеспечения когерентности каналов передачи и применения системы ортогональных сигналов, что также определяет перспективность использования разработки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Railway crossing is a source of increased danger for vehicles and pedestrians. To increase the safety of traffic at railway crossings, radar systems based on antenna arrays (AA) can be used. The important requirements for radar at a railway crossing are a wide field of view (up to 90 degrees) and, at the same time, a high accuracy in determining coordinates. Therefore, an analysis of methods for constructing AAs and spatial processing for an automatic traffic control system at a railway crossing seems to be a relevant research task.  </p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Design of a method for constructing the topology of an AA and spatial processing of a radar system for monitoring traffic at a railway crossing, providing a wide field of view with a high accuracy in determining the coordinates of targets.  </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The considered method was developed based on the theory of space-time signal processing. The design of the analyzed AA topologies was carried out by the finite element method (FEM) and the finite differ-ence time domain method (FDTD) based on segments of a microstrip transmission line.  </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A method for constructing a filled transceiver antenna array and a beamforming algorithm, which provide high angular resolution and unambiguous measurement of the target's angular coordinates in a wide field of view with relatively low computational complexity, was developed. Mathematical and electrodynamic modeling of the designed AA topologies was performed. Adjusted values of the radiation patterns (RP) of the transmitting and receiving AA were obtained, which showed good agreement with the calculated values. The main design solutions regarding the construction of AA radar for a railway crossing control system are presented to provide a wide field of view when determining the coordinates of targets.  </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. It was shown that the width of the resulting RP can be reduced by several times compared to the width of the receiving RP when using two transmitting antennas located at the edges of the aperture. This approach is similar to that used in the MIMO technology, although requiring no coherence of transmission channels and use of a system of orthogonal signals. The findings determine the prospects of using the developed method.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антенная решетка</kwd><kwd>радар миллиметрового диапазона волн</kwd><kwd>суммарно-разностный метод</kwd><kwd>диаграмма направленности</kwd><kwd>микрополосковая линия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antenna array</kwd><kwd>millimeter wave radar</kwd><kwd>sum-difference method</kwd><kwd>directivity pattern</kwd><kwd>microstrip line</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Railway safety radar system with use of FSR / A. G. Ryndyk, A. V. Myakinkov, D. M. Balashova, V. N. Burov, S. A. Shabalin, A. D. Mikhaylov // Proc. of 2021 21st Intern. Radar Symp. (IRS), Berlin, Germany. 21–22 June 2021. IEEE, 2021. doi: 10.23919/IRS51887.2021.9466229</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryndyk A. G., Myakinkov A. V., Balashova D. 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