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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2022-25-1-36-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-604</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАДИОЛОКАЦИЯ И РАДИОНАВИГАЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RADAR AND NAVIGATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние разрешающей способности радиолокационных изображений военной техники на точность их классификации глубокой сверточной нейронной сетью</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Impact of the Radar Image Resolution of Military Objects on the Accuracy of their Classification by a Deep Convolutional Neural Network</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Купряшкин</surname><given-names>И. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupryashkin</surname><given-names>I. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Купряшкин Иван Федорович – доктор технических наук (2017), доцент (2011), начальник кафедры боевого применения средств РЭБ (с воздушно-космическими системами управления и наводящимся оружием)</p><p>ул. Старых Большевиков, д. 54 А, Воронеж, 394064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan F. Kupryashkin – Dr Sci. (Eng.) (2017), Assosiate Professor (2011), Head of the Departament of Сombat Use of Electronic Warfare Systems (with Aerospace Control Systems and Guided Weapons)</p><p>54 A, Starykh Bolshevikov Str., Voronezh 394064</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ifk78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-воздушных сил "Военно-воздушная академия им. профессора Н. Е. Жуковского и Ю. А. Гагарина"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force "N. E. Zhukovsky and Y. A. Gagarin Air Force Academy"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Купряшкин И.Ф., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Купряшкин И.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kupryashkin I.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/604">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/604</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Сегодня в качестве одного из наиболее перспективных инструментов для решения задачи классификации малоразмерных объектов на радиолокационных изображениях рассматриваются глубокие сверточные нейронные сети. Несмотря на это, в известных работах отсутствуют результаты системного исследования зависимости точности классификации, достигаемой сверточными нейросетями, от такой важной характеристики изображения, как его разрешающая способность.Цель работы. Определение зависимости точности классификации объектов военной техники глубокой сверточной нейронной сетью от разрешающей способности их радиолокационных изображений.Материалы и методы. Проектирование восьмислойной сверточной нейронной сети, ее обучение и тестирование осуществлено с использованием библиотеки глубокого обучения Keras и фреймворка Tensorflow 2.0. Для обучения и тестирования использована открытая часть стандартного набора радиолокационных изображений объектов военной техники десяти классов Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition. Исходные значения весовых коэффициентов сетей MobileNetV1 и Xception, использованных для сравнительной оценки достигаемой точности классификации, получены по результатам обучения на наборе Imagenet.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Точность классификации объектов военной техники быстро снижается с ухудшением разрешающей способности, и составляет 97.91, 90.22, 79.13, 52.2 и 23.68 % при разрешении 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.5 и 3 м соответственно. Показано, что использование предобученных сетей с архитектурами MobileNetV1 и Xception не приводит к улучшению точности классификации по сравнению с простой сетью VGG-типа.Заключение. Эффективное распознавание объектов военной техники при разрешении, хуже, чем 1 м, практически невозможно. Точность классификации, демонстрируемая глубокой нейронной сетью, существенно зависит от различия разрешающей способности изображений обучающего и тестового наборов. Значительному повышению устойчивости точности классификации к изменению разрешения способствует обучение на наборе изображений с различным разрешением.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Deep convolutional neural networks are considered as one of the most promising tools for classifying small-sized objects on radar images. However, no systemic study has been reported so far on the dependence between the classification accuracy achieved by convolutional neural networks and such an important image characteristic as resolution.Aim. Determination of a dependence between of the accuracy of classifying military objects by a deep convolutional neural network and the resolution of their radar images.Materials and methods. An eight-layer convolutional neural network was designed, trained and tested using the Keras library and Tensorflow 2.0 framework. For training and testing, the open part of the standard MSTAR dataset comprising ten classes of military objects radar images was used. The initial weight values of the MobileNetV1 and Xception networks used for a comparative assessment of the achieved classification accuracy were obtained from the training results on the Imagenet.Results. The accuracy of classifying military objects decreases rapidly along with a deterioration in resolution, amounting to 97.91, 90.22, 79.13, 52.2 and 23.68 % at a resolution of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.5 and 3 m, respectively. It is shown that the use of pretrained MobileNetV1 and Xception networks does not lead to an improvement in the classification accuracy compared to a simple VGG-type network.Conclusion. Effective recognition of military objects at a resolution worse than one meter is practically impossible. The classification accuracy of deep neural networks depends significantly on the difference in the image resolution of the training and test sets. A significant increase in the resistance of the classification accuracy to changes in the resolution can be achieved by training on a set of images with different resolutions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глубокая сверточная нейронная сеть</kwd><kwd>радиолокационное изображение</kwd><kwd>точность классификации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>deep convolutional neural network</kwd><kwd>radar image</kwd><kwd>classification accuracy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deep Learning Meets SAR / X. Zhu, S. Montazeri, M. Ali, Yu. Hua, Yu. Wang, L. Mou, Yi. Shi, F. Xu, R. Bamler. 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