radioelectronicsИзвестия высших учебных заведений России. РадиоэлектроникаJournal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics1993-89852658-4794Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University10.32603/1993-8985-2021-24-5-6-21radioelectronics-551Research ArticleКВАНТОВАЯ, ТВЕРДОТЕЛЬНАЯ, ПЛАЗМЕННАЯ И ВАКУУМНАЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКАQUANTUM, SOLID-STATE, PLASMA AND VACUUM ELECTRONICSМикрофокусные рентгеновские трубкиMicrofocus X-ray Tubeshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9009-1011БессоновВ. Б.BessonovV. B.

Бессонов Виктор Борисович - кандидат технических наук (2014).

ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5, Санкт-Петербург, 197376, Россия

Victor B. Bessonov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) (2014).

5 Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197376, Russia

vbbessonov@yandex.ruСанкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)РоссияSaint Petersburg Electrotechnical UniversityRussian Federation202128112021245621Copyright © Бессонов В.Б., 20212021Бессонов В.Б.Bessonov V.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/551Введение

Введение. Среди всех методов неразрушающего контроля изделий и материалов рентгеновский имеет особое значение за счет достаточно большого разрешения и в то же время высокой проникающей способности.

Цель работы

Цель работы. Рассмотрение ключевых особенностей микрофокусных источников рентгеновского излучения, областей их применения и основных технических характеристик.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. При рассмотрении основных типов конструкции микрофокусных рентгеновских трубок (отпаяной и разборной) использовался опыт разработки и эксплуатации описываемого оборудования на базе Санкт-Петербургского государственного электротехнического университета «ЛЭТИ», а также опыт и публикации зарубежных исследователей и разработчиков из открытых источников. Анализировалась информация ведущих научно-исследовательских коллективов за последние 10 лет.

Результаты

Результаты. Приведены особенности конструкции каждого типа. Рассмотрены все основные конструктивные узлы: анодный узел, катодный узел, фокусирующая система. Показано влияние материала мишени анода на спектр излучения рентгеновской трубки. Приведена оригинальная конструкция микрофокусной рентгеновской трубки с жидким анодом, показаны ее ключевые особенности и преимущества. Даны общие представления о используемых в микрофокусных рентгеновских трубках катодах (вольфрамовый катод и катод из гексаборида лантана), подробно проиллюстрированы особенности расчетов фокусирующих систем. Представлены конструкции современных рентгеновских трубок.

Заключение

Заключение. Отмечено, что современные рентгеновские трубки являются высокотехнологичными изделиями, которые позволяют проводить исследования широкой номенклатуры объектов с высоким разрешением. Основным преимуществом контроля с применением микрофокусных рентгеновских трубок является высокая разрешающая способность (микронная и субмикронная). Приведены рентгенограммы тест-объектов, используемых для определения их пространственного разрешения, наглядно иллюстрирующие широкие возможности технологии. Кратко рассмотрены пути совершенствования микрофокусных рентгеновских трубок. Рассмотренные материалы будут полезны при выборе инструмента неразрушающего контроля, а также разработке и создании рентгеновских комплексов на основе микрофокусных рентгеновских трубок.

Introduction

Introduction. X-ray inspection plays a unique role among all nondestructive testing methods for products and materials due to sufficiently high resolution and high penetrability. The present study is designed to consider the key features of microfocus X-ray sources, their areas of application, and main technical characteristics.

Aim

Aim. The paper aims to systematize information and review modern X-ray radiation sources for the implementation of microfocus radiography.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The main designs of microfocus X-ray tubes (soldered and demountable) were considered relying on the experience of the St Petersburg State Electrotechnical University in developing and operating such equipment, as well as the experience and open-access publications of foreign researchers and developers. Data collected by leading research teams over the last ten years were analyzed.

Results

Results. The paper presents design features for each main type of microfocus X-ray tubes – soldered and demountable. All key structural elements are considered: an anode assembly, a cathode assembly, and a focusing system. The influence of anode target material on the X-ray tube radiation spectrum is shown. An original design of a liquid-anode microfocus X-ray tube is described to demonstrate its key features and advantages. In addition, the paper gives an overview of cathodes used in microfocus X-ray tubes (tungsten cathode and lanthanum hexaboride cathode), as well as providing a detailed description of calculations performed for focusing systems. Finally, the designs of modern X-ray tubes are presented.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Modern X-ray tubes are high-tech products that allow for high-resolution research of various objects. The main advantage of testing performed with the use of X-ray tubes consists in high resolution (micron and submicron). The X-ray images of test objects used to determine their spatial resolution are given, which clearly illustrate the vast possibilities of this technology. In addition, ways to improve microfocus X-ray tubes are briefly discussed. The considered materials can be useful in selecting a nondestructive testing tool, as well as in developing and creating X-ray systems on the basis of microfocus X-ray tubes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.