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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2021-24-1-6-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-486</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОДИНАМИКА, МИКРОВОЛНОВАЯ ТЕХНИКА, АНТЕННЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRODYNAMICS, MICROWAVE ENGINEERING, ANTENNAS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование диаграммы обратного излучения квадрупольной антенны с высокоимпедансным экраном больших электрических размеров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of the Backscatter Radiation Pattern of a Quadrupole Antenna with a High-Impedance Ground Plane of Large Electrical Sizes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7810-7196</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гафаров</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gafarov</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гафаров Евгений Раисович – магистр по направлению "Радиотехника" (2009), аспирант, старший преподаватель кафедры радиотехники</p><p>пр. Свободный, д. 79, Красноярск, 660041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy R. Gafarov, Master’s degree in Radio Engineering (2009), postgraduate, senior lecturer of Radio Engineering Department</p><p>79 Svobodny Ave., Krasnoyarsk 660041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egafarov@sfu-kras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4309-226X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саломатов</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salomatov</surname><given-names>Yu. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саломатов Юрий Петрович – кандидат технических наук (1982), профессор (2013) кафедры радиотехники</p><p>пр. Свободный, д. 79, Красноярск, 660041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury P. Salomatov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) (1982), Professor (2013) of Department of Radio Engineering</p><p>79 Svobodny Ave., Krasnoyarsk 660041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ysalomatov@sfu-kras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гафаров Е.Р., Саломатов Ю.П., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гафаров Е.Р., Саломатов Ю.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gafarov E.R., Salomatov Y.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/486">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/486</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Устойчивость антенн глобальных навигационных спутниковых систем (ГНСС) к многолучевой интерференции во многом определяется крутизной амплитудной диаграммы направленности (ДН) в области скользящих углов (углов, близких к горизонту). Крутизна ДН антенны определяется размером ее экрана. В статье представлено исследование зависимости крутизны амплитудной ДН от диаметра экрана квадрупольной антенны R.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Анализ влияния диаметра обычного и высокоимпедансного экранов на ДН и диаграмму обратного излучения (ДОИ) квадрупольной антенны, в том числе в области скользящих углов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Численные исследования проведены в САПР СВЧ (CST Studio Suite) методом конечных элементов (finite element method – FEM) и методом конечных разностей во временной области (FDTD), а также методами постобработки результатов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведено моделирование квадрупольной антенны с емкостным высокоимпедансным и плоским проводящим экранами. Установлено наличие зависимости средней крутизны ДН на скользящих углах от диаметра экрана на нижней fн и верхней fв частотах ГНСС. В ходе исследования выполнен анализ ДН, отношения назад/вперед (down/up или DU), коэффициента усиления в направлении на горизонт (горизонтальное усиление – ГУ) и коэффициента многолучевости (MR) для диаметров R= 1…20 длин волн высокоимпедансного и проводящего экранов. Выявлено, что с целью получения высокой крутизны ДН на скользящих углах возможно применение различных типов экранов, но низкий уровень ДОИ достижим только с применением высокоимпедансной структуры. Показано, что одну и ту же крутизну амплитудной ДН (около 1 дБ/°) для нижних частот (НЧ) ГНСС возможно получить при разных диаметрах экрана R= 12λ0  и, предположительно, 20λ0 .</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Высокоимпедансный экран решетки вертикальных стержней диаметром R = 12λ0 является предпочтительным для квадрупольной антенны на НЧ ГНСС. Да льнейшее увеличение экрана может лишь незначительно улучшать его характеристики.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The multipath resistance of GNSS antennas is largely determined by the gain slope of the amplitude radiation pattern at sliding angles (angles close to the horizon). The gain slope of the antenna radiation pattern is determined by the size of its ground plane. This article investigates the dependence between the gain slope and ground plane diameter R of a quadrupole antenna.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To analyse the impact of the diameter of conventional and high-impedance ground planes on the backscatter radiation pattern of a quadrupole antenna at sliding angles.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Computer simulations were carried out in CAD CST Studio Suite using the methods of finite element analysis (FEM), finite difference time domain (FDTD) and template based post-processing.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Quadrupole antennas with a capacitive high-impedance ground plane and a conventional flat ground plane were simulated. The dependence of the average gain slope at sliding angles on the diameter of the ground plane was determined at low fн and upper fв GNSS frequencies. The analysis of the down/up ratio, the rolloff gain and the multipath ratio for R= 1…20 of the wavelength of capacitive high-impedance and ground planes conventional flat was performed. It was established that higher gain slopes can be obtained using different types of ground planes; however, lower backscatter radiation values are achievable only using high-impedance structures. It was observed that the same slope of the radiation pattern (about 1 dB/°) for GNSS lower frequencies can be obtained at different R=12λ0, and, presumably, at 20λ0.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A high-impedance ground plane with a diameter of R=12λ0  is preferable for a quadrupole antenna at low GNSS frequencies. A further increase in the ground plane size will insignificantly improve its characteristics.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антенна ГНСС</kwd><kwd>высокоимпедансный экран</kwd><kwd>проводящий экран</kwd><kwd>диаграмма обратного излучения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>GNSS antenna</kwd><kwd>high impedance ground screen</kwd><kwd>conventional ground screen</kwd><kwd>backward radiation pattern</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Татарников Д. В. 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