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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2020-23-6-59-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-478</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАДИОЛОКАЦИЯ И РАДИОНАВИГАЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RADAR AND NAVIGATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Компенсация ошибок оценивания местоположения, вызванных тропосферным распространением радиоволн, в широкозонных мультилатерационных системах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Compensation of Positioning Errors Caused by Tropospheric Wave Propagation in Wide-Area Multilateration Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4469-0501</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Монаков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Monakov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Монаков Андрей Алексеевич – доктор технических наук (2000), профессор (2005) кафедры радиотехнических систем. Почетный машиностроитель РФ (2005), почетный работник высшего профессионального образования РФ (2006). Автор более 150 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – цифровая обработка сигналов; радиолокация; исследование природных сред радиотехническими методами; управление воздушным движением.</p><p>ул. Большая Морская, д. 67а, Санкт-Петербург, 190000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Monakov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.) (2000), Professor (2005) of the Department of radio equipment systems, Honorable Mechanical Engineer of the Russian Federation (2005), Honorable Worker of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation (2006). The author of more than 150 scientific publications. Area of expertise: digital signal processing; radar theory; microwave remote sensing; air traffic control. </p><p>67A Bolshaja Morskaja St., St Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_monakov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миролюбов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirolubov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миролюбов Александр Маркович – кандидат технических наук (2004), главный конструктор КСА УВД. Автор более 15 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов - управление воздушным движением, обработка информации наблюдения, процедуры, основанные на плановых траекториях ВС. </p><p>Пискарёвский пр., д. 2, к. 3, лит. А, пом. 727 Санкт-Петербург, 195027</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr M. Mirolubov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) (2004), Chief designer of ATM System. The author of more than 15 scientific publications. Area of expertise: air traffic control, surveillance data processing, trajectory based operations. </p><p>2/3 A Piskarevsky Pr., off. 727, St Petersburg 195027</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al_mirol@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет аэрокосмического приборостроения (ГУАП)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation (SUAI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Закрытое акционерное общество "Азимут-Альянс"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC "Azimut-Alliance"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Монаков А.А., Миролюбов А.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Монаков А.А., Миролюбов А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Monakov A.A., Mirolubov A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/478">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/478</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Широкозонные мультилатерационные системы навигации (Wide Area Multilateration, WAM) являются основным конкурентом комплексов вторичной радиолокации систем управления воздушным движением. Принцип работы WAM-систем заключается в измерении псевдодальностей сигнала бортового ответчика воздушного судна системой разнесенных в пространстве приемных станций и последующей оценке местоположения. Одним из существенных факторов, влияющих на точность оценки местоположения воздушного судна (ВС), является тропосферная рефракция. Рефракция приводит к увеличению длины оптического пути сигнала, а следовательно, и измеряемых псевдодальностей. Следствием этого является появление дополнительного смещения у оценок местоположения ВС. При этом недопустимо большие значения смещения получаются при оценке высоты.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Получение математической модели сигналов приемных станций WAM-системы, которая учитывает особенности тропосферного распространения радиоволн, и синтез алгоритма оценки местоположения ВС с компенсацией тропосферных ошибок при оценивании псевдодальностей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Методом геометрической оптики получены уравнения, позволяющие рассчитать ошибки измерения псевдодальностей, вызванные рефракцией в сферически слоистой тропосфере.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Предложена математическая модель формирования оценок псевдодальностей, учитывающая тропосферную рефракцию. Анализ модели показал, что ошибки измерения псевдодальностей линейно зависят от расстояния между ответчиком ВС и приемным пунктом. Этот вывод позволил синтезировать алгоритм оценивания местоположения ВС с компенсацией тропосферных ошибок. Синтезированный алгоритм позволяет полностью избавиться от смещения у оценок местоположения ВС при увеличении СКО оценки высоты на 60 % и сохранении этого параметра в допустимых для WAM-систем пределах.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные в статье математическая модель сигналов WAM-системы, учитывающая ошибки тропосферного распространения радиоволн при оценке псевдодальностей, и алгоритм оценивания местоположения ВС с компенсацией тропосферных ошибок могут быть использованы при разработке многопозиционных навигационных систем.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Wide area multilateration (WAM) systems are the main competitors of secondary surveillance radar (SSR) systems used in air traffic control (ATC). The general principle of WAM operation is based on the assessment of pseudoranges between a signal source (an aircraft airborne transponder) and the ground receivers with precisely known geographical coordinates deployed over the ATC area. The aircraft position is estimated by measuring pseudoranges. A significant factor affecting the accuracy of aircraft positioning is tropospheric refraction, a phenomenon caused by the inhomogeneity of the earth's atmosphere and manifested in a deviation in the direction of the rays along which the signal of an aircraft transponder propagates. Refraction increases the lengths of ray paths, thus increasing the corresponding pseudoranges. As a result, the estimate of the aircraft position receives an additional bias. Altitude estimates produce unreasonably large errors.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To develop a mathematical model for the signals received by a WAM system, which accounts for tropospheric wave propagation, as well as to derive an algorithm for aircraft positioning with compensated tropospheric errors.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Equations for the pseudorange estimation errors caused by wave propagation in a spherically stratified atmosphere were derived using the method of geometrical optics.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. This paper proposed a mathematical model for pseudorange estimates in WAM systems, which accounts for the bias associated with the phenomenon of tropospheric refraction. An analysis of the proposed model showed that pseudorange errors depend linearly on the distance between the aircraft transponder and the receiver. This conclusion allowed an algorithm for aircraft positioning with compensated tropospheric errors to be developed. The proposed algorithm yields an unbiased estimate of the aircraft position. The standard deviation of altitude estimates increases by 60%, although remaining within the limits permissible for WAM systems.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The developed mathematical model of WAM signals, which considers tropospheric propagation errors in pseudorange estimation, as well as the algorithm for aircraft positioning with compensated tropospheric errors, can be used in the development of spatially distributed navigation systems.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стандартная атмосфера</kwd><kwd>тропосферная рефракция</kwd><kwd>длина оптического пути</kwd><kwd>широкозонная мультилатерационная система навигации</kwd><kwd>ошибки измерения псевдодальности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>standard atmosphere</kwd><kwd>tropospheric refraction</kwd><kwd>optical path length</kwd><kwd>wide area multilateration navigation system</kwd><kwd>pseudorange estimation errors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Multilateration (MLAT) Concept of Use. 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