radioelectronicsИзвестия высших учебных заведений России. РадиоэлектроникаJournal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics1993-89852658-4794Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University10.32603/1993-8985-2019-22-5-107-115radioelectronics-380Research ArticleПРИБОРЫ И СИСТЕМЫ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ АКУСТИЧЕСКИХ, ОПТИЧЕСКИХ И РАДИОВОЛНMEASURING SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTS BASED ON ACOUSTIC, OPTICAL AND RADIO WAVESDetermination of Ethanol Content in Fuels with Phononic Crystal SensorDetermination of Ethanol Content in Fuels with Phononic Crystal Sensorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8709-6361MukhinN. V.MukhinN. V.

Nikolay V. Mukhin, Ph.D. (Eng.) (2013), Researcher of Department of Sensorics of Institute of Micro and Sensor Systems (IMOS), Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany. The author of more than 50 scientific publications. Area of expertise: study of thin-film ferroelectrics; the development of acoustic metamaterials and sensors.

Universitaetsplatz 2, Magdeburg 39106, Germany

Nikolay V. Mukhin, Ph.D. (Eng.) (2013), Researcher of Department of Sensorics of Institute of Micro and Sensor Systems (IMOS), Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany. The author of more than 50 scientific publications. Area of expertise: study of thin-film ferroelectrics; the development of acoustic metamaterials and sensors.

Universitaetsplatz 2, Magdeburg 39106, Germany

nikolay.mukhin@ovgu.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-6945OseevA.OseevA.

Oseev Aleksandr, Ph.D. (2017), he is working in FEMTO-ST Institute, Université de Bourgogne FrancheComté. The author of 28 scientific publications. Area of expertise: fluidic sensors, more specifically, phononic crystal based sensors, microacoustic sensors, microfluidic sensor platforms.

15B Av. des Montboucons, Besançon 25030, France

Oseev Aleksandr, Ph.D. (2017), he is working in FEMTO-ST Institute, Université de Bourgogne FrancheComté. The author of 28 scientific publications. Area of expertise: fluidic sensors, more specifically, phononic crystal based sensors, microacoustic sensors, microfluidic sensor platforms.

15B Av. des Montboucons, Besançon 25030, France

aleksandar.oseev@ovgu.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8766-1001KutiaM. M.KutiaM. M.

Mykhailo M. Kutia, post-graduate student of Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany since 2016. The author of 12 scientific publications. Area of expertise: modeling of fluid filtration in underground reservoirs and creation of sensory systems for online determination of physical properties of mixtures of hydrocarbons.

Universitaetsplatz 2, Magdeburg 39106, Germany

Mykhailo M. Kutia, post-graduate student of Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany since 2016. The author of 12 scientific publications. Area of expertise: modeling of fluid filtration in underground reservoirs and creation of sensory systems for online determination of physical properties of mixtures of hydrocarbons.

Universitaetsplatz 2, Magdeburg 39106, Germany

mykhailo.kutia@ovgu.deBorodachevaE. S.BorodachevaE. S.

Ekaterina S. Borodacheva, Master student of Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany. The author of 2 scientific publications. Area of expertise: optimization, study of phononic sensors.

Universitaetsplatz 2, Magdeburg 39106, Germany

Ekaterina S. Borodacheva, Master student of Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany. The author of 2 scientific publications. Area of expertise: optimization, study of phononic sensors.

Universitaetsplatz 2, Magdeburg 39106, Germany

katrinborodacheva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-6351KorolevP. G.KorolevP. G.

Pavel G. Korolev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department of Information-Measuring Systems and Technologies of Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University. The author of 14 scientific publications. Area of expertise: metrological serviceability of information-measuring systems.

5 Professor Popov Str., St Petersburg 197376, Russia

Pavel G. Korolev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department of Information-Measuring Systems and Technologies of Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University. The author of 14 scientific publications. Area of expertise: metrological serviceability of information-measuring systems.

5 Professor Popov Str., St Petersburg 197376, Russia

pgkorolev@etu.ruOtto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgГерманияOtto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgGermanyFEMTO-ST Institute, Université de Franche-ComtéФранцияFEMTO-ST Institute, Université de Franche-ComtéFranceSaint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI"РоссияSaint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI"Russian Federation201904122019225107115Copyright © Mukhin N.V., Oseev A., Kutia M.M., Borodacheva E.S., Korolev P.G., 20192019Mukhin N.V., Oseev A., Kutia M.M., Borodacheva E.S., Korolev P.G.Mukhin N.V., Oseev A., Kutia M.M., Borodacheva E.S., Korolev P.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/380Introduction

Introduction. In-line analysis of ethanol content in gasoline blends is currently one of the urgent needs of fuel industry. Developing safe and secure approaches is critical for real applications. A phononic crystal sensor have been introduced as an innovative approach to high performance gasoline sensing. Distinguishing feature of proposed sensor is the absence of any electrical contact with analysed gasoline blend, which allows the use of sensors directly in pipelines without the risk of explosion in an emergency.

Aim

Aim. Investigation of the possibilities of using phononic sensor structures to determine the ethanol content in liquid hydrocarbons.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A theoretical analysis of sensor structure was carried out on the basis of numerical simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics software. For measurement, substances of ordinary gasoline and gasoline 63–80 with ethanol concentrations in the range of 1–10 % by volume in increments of 2 % were prepared. The phononic crystal sensor was designed as a stainless steel plate with cylindrical holes and a resonant cavity, formed as a running across the wave propagation path slit between two lattices.

Results

Results. In-line analysis of measuring the concentration of ethanol in alcohol-containing fuels on a phononic crystal structure with a resonant cavity was carried out. Using the Agilent4395A admittance meter, the transmission spectra of longitudinal acoustic waves through the gasoline-filled sensor structure with were obtained. The non-linear correlation between the composition and the speed of sound of the blend is presented in the article is due to the ability to reduce the speed of sound of the mixture with an increase in ethanol concentration in the range of 0–10 % by volume.

Conclusion

Conclusion. A measurement structure on the basis of phononic crystal was created. The measurements of various gasoline-ethanol mixtures show that the sensor has significant sensitivity (0.91 kHz/ms−1 ) with quality factor of 200) to distinguish between regular fuels, gasoline based blends and the presence of additives in standard fuels. The sensor has prospects for in-line analyzes the composition of liquid hydrocarbons.

Introduction

Introduction. In-line analysis of ethanol content in gasoline blends is currently one of the urgent needs of fuel industry. Developing safe and secure approaches is critical for real applications. A phononic crystal sensor have been introduced as an innovative approach to high performance gasoline sensing. Distinguishing feature of proposed sensor is the absence of any electrical contact with analysed gasoline blend, which allows the use of sensors directly in pipelines without the risk of explosion in an emergency.

Aim

Aim. Investigation of the possibilities of using phononic sensor structures to determine the ethanol content in liquid hydrocarbons.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A theoretical analysis of sensor structure was carried out on the basis of numerical simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics software. For measurement, substances of ordinary gasoline and gasoline 63–80 with ethanol concentrations in the range of 1–10 % by volume in increments of 2 % were prepared. The phononic crystal sensor was designed as a stainless steel plate with cylindrical holes and a resonant cavity, formed as a running across the wave propagation path slit between two lattices.

Results

Results. In-line analysis of measuring the concentration of ethanol in alcohol-containing fuels on a phononic crystal structure with a resonant cavity was carried out. Using the Agilent4395A admittance meter, the transmission spectra of longitudinal acoustic waves through the gasoline-filled sensor structure with were obtained. The non-linear correlation between the composition and the speed of sound of the blend is presented in the article is due to the ability to reduce the speed of sound of the mixture with an increase in ethanol concentration in the range of 0–10 % by volume.

Conclusion

Conclusion. A measurement structure on the basis of phononic crystal was created. The measurements of various gasoline-ethanol mixtures show that the sensor has significant sensitivity (0.91 kHz/ms−1 ) with quality factor of 200) to distinguish between regular fuels, gasoline based blends and the presence of additives in standard fuels. The sensor has prospects for in-line analyzes the composition of liquid hydrocarbons.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.