<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2019-22-5-17-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-372</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОДИНАМИКА, МИКРОВОЛНОВАЯ ТЕХНИКА, АНТЕННЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRODYNAMICS, MICROWAVE ENGINEERING, ANTENNAS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Широкополосный волноводно-микрополосковый переход зондового типа миллиметрового диапазона длин волн</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Wideband Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition for mm-Wave Applications</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9827-6720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Можаровский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozharovskiy</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Можаровский Андрей Викторович – старший инженер по СВЧ-устройствам и антенной технике ООО "Радио Гигабит". Окончил Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н. И. Лобачевского (2011) по специальности "Информационные системы и технологии". Соискатель кафедры микрорадиоэлектроники и технологии радиоаппаратуры Санкт-Петербургского государственного электротехнического университета "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина). Автор 30 печатных работ. Сфера научных интересов – антеннофидерные устройства миллиметрового диапазона длин волн, включая печатные, волноводные и линзовые антенны и антенные решетки; планарные и волноводные дуплексирующие устройства и фильтры.</p><p>ул. Ошарская, д. 95, корп. 2, Нижний Новгород, 603105, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Mozharovskiy, Senior microwave systems and antennas engineer in LLC "Radio Gigabit". He graduated from Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (2011) with a degree in "Information Systems and Technologies". He is a PhD student of the Department of Microradioelectronics and Radio Technology at Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University. The author of 30 scientific publications. Area of expertise: various millimeter wavelength range antenna and feeding systems, including printed, waveguide and lens antennas and antenna arrays; planar and waveguide duplexing devices and filters.</p><p>95 bld. 2, Osharskaya Str., Nizhny Novgorod 603105, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey.mozharovskiy@radiogigabit.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сойкин</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soykin</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сойкин Олег Валерьевич – магистр радиофизических наук (2014), научный сотрудник ООО "Радио Гигабит". Исследователь. Преподаватель-исследователь (2018). Автор 13 научных публикаций. Сфера научных интересов – антенные системы для беспроводных систем связи; СВЧ-линии передачи/антенны и другие пассивные устройства; устройства миллиметрового диапазона длин волн.</p><p>ул. Ошарская, д. 95, корп. 2, Нижний Новгород, 603105, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Soykin, Master Sci. (2014) on Radiophysics, Researcher in LLC "Radio Gigabit". The author of 13 scientific publications. Area of expertise: antenna systems for wireless communication systems; microwave transmission lines/antennas and other passive devices; millimeter wavelength devices.</p><p>95 bld. 2, Osharskaya Str., Nizhny Novgorod 603105, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg.soykin@radiogigabit.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артеменко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemenko</surname><given-names>Aleksey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артеменко Алексей Андреевич – кандидат технических наук (2013), директор по исследованиям и разработкам ООО "Радио Гигабит". Автор около 50 научных работ и 14 патентов. Сфера научных интересов – антенная техника, включая апертурные антенны, особенно антенны миллиметрового диапазона длин волн, антенные решетки, печатные антенны, антенны с электронным управлением лучом; СВЧ-техника, включая пассивные устройства и активные радиочастотные модули, такие, как волноводно-микрополосковые переходы, поляризационные селекторы, фильтры на металлических и поверхностных волноводах; СВЧприемопередатчики на современной электронной компонентной базе диапазонов частот от 0 до 90 ГГц.</p><p>ул. Ошарская, д. 95, корп. 2, Нижний Новгород, 603105, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey A. Artemenko, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) (2013), R&amp;D director in LLC "Radio Gigabit". The author of more than 50 scientific publications. Area of expertise: antenna technology, including aperture antennas, especially millimeter-wave antennas, antenna arrays, printed antennas, and electronically controlled antennas; microwave technology, including passive devices and active radio frequency modules, such as waveguide-to-microstrip transitions, polarization selectors, filters on metal and surface mounted waveguides; microwave transceivers on a modern electronic component base in frequency bands from 0 to 90 GHz.</p><p>95 bld. 2, Osharskaya Str., Nizhny Novgorod 603105, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexey.artemenko@radiogigabit.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масленников</surname><given-names>Р. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslennikov</surname><given-names>Roman O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Масленников Роман Олегович – кандидат физико-математических наук (2012), генеральный директор ООО "Радио Гигабит". Автор более 100 печатных научных работ и более 30 изобретений. Сфера научных интересов – алгоритмы оптимальной обработки сигналов в современных беспроводных системах связи.</p><p>ул. Ошарская, д. 95, корп. 2, Нижний Новгород, 603105, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman O. Maslennikov, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.) (2012), CEO in LLC "Radio Gigabit". The author of more than 100 scientific publications. Area of expertise: optimal signal processing algorithms in modern wireless communication systems.</p><p>95 bld. 2, Osharskaya Str., Nizhny Novgorod 603105, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">roman.maslennikov@radiogigabit.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-1223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вендик</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vendik</surname><given-names>Irina B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вендик Ирина Борисовна – доктор технических наук (1991), профессор (1993) кафедры микрорадиоэлектроники и технологии радиоаппаратуры Санкт-Петербургского государственного электротехнического университета "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина), руководитель лаборатории СВЧ-микроэлектроники названного университета. Член ряда международных сообществ, в том числе IEEE (senior member) и EuMA. Автор более 300 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – исследование свойств материалов для электроники (сверхпроводники, сегнетоэлектрики, метаматериалы); разработка устройств микроволнового и терагерцового диапазонов.</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5, Санкт-Петербург, 197376, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina B. Vendik, Dr. Sci. (Eng.) (1991), Professor (1993) of the Department of Microradioelectronics and Radio Technology of Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Head of the Laboratory of Microwave Microelectronics named university. She is a member of a number of international communities, including IEEE (senior member) and EuMA. The author of more than 300 scientific publications. Area of expertise: properties of materials for electronics (superconductors, ferroelectrics, metamaterials); microwave and terahertz devices.</p><p>5 Professor Popov Str., St Petersburg 197376, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ibvendik@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО "Радио Гигабит"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC "Radio Gigabit"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Можаровский А.В., Сойкин О.В., Артеменко А.А., Масленников Р.О., Вендик И.Б., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Можаровский А.В., Сойкин О.В., Артеменко А.А., Масленников Р.О., Вендик И.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mozharovskiy A.V., Soykin O.V., Artemenko A.A., Maslennikov R.O., Vendik I.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/372">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/372</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Для увеличения скорости передачи данных в современных системах беспроводной радиосвязи необходимо существенное расширение полосы частот передаваемых сигналов, что возможно за счет увеличения рабочей частоты до миллиметрового диапазона. В системах радиосвязи миллиметрового диапазона соединение пассивных элементов антенно-фидерного тракта, реализованных на металлических волноводах, и активных элементов радиочастотного тракта, имеющих интерфейс на основе микрополосковых линий, осуществляется с помощью волноводно-микрополоскового перехода (ВМПП).</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Разработка и исследование широкополосного ВМПП для частотного диапазона 60 ГГц с низким уровнем потерь для эффективной передачи сигналов между активными элементами радиочастотного тракта и пассивными элементами антенного тракта.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Оценка влияния материала подложки и свойств металлической фольги на характеристики печатных структур и расчет характеристик разработанного перехода выполнены с помощью электродинамического моделирования в системе автоматизированного проектирования CST Microwave Studio и подтверждены результатами экспериментального исследования изготовленных образцов широкополосного волноводно-микрополоскового перехода на векторном анализаторе цепей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработанный ВМПП основан на использовании проводящего зонда, реализованного на печатной плате, закрепленной между стандартным подводящим волноводом WR15 и четвертьволновой заглушкой того же сечения. Для уменьшения потерь в переходе на печатной плате выполнены сквозные неметаллизированные отверстия, симметрично расположенные вокруг зонда для уменьшения доли диэлектрика печатной платы в волноводном канале. По результатам экспериментального исследования изготовленных макетов переходов, реализованных на печатных платах, выполненных из материалов RO4350B и RT/Duroid 5880 производства компании "Rogers", было получено, что переход согласован по уровню коэффициента отражения S11 &lt;-10 дБ в полосе частот 50...70 ГГц и обеспечивает потери на прохождение не более 0.4 и 0.7 дБ для материалов RT/Duroid 5880 и RO4350B соответственно.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предложенный метод снижения потерь в волноводно-микрополосковом переходе осуществляется за счет уменьшения влияния диэлектрической подложки при использовании различных СВЧ-материалов печатных плат. Это позволяет рассматривать разработанный волноводно-микрополосковый переход как перспективный для соединения различных микрополосковых и волноводных устройств миллиметрового диапазона длин волн.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Increased data rate in modern communication systems can be achieved by raising the operational frequency to millimeter wave range where wide transmission bands are available. In millimeter wave communication systems, the passive components of the antenna feeding system, which are based on hollow metal waveguides, and active elements of the radiofrequency circuit, which have an interface constructed on planar printed circuit boards (PCB) are interconnected using waveguide-to-microstrip transition.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To design and investigate a high-performance wideband and low loss waveguide-to-microstrip transition dedicated to the 60 GHz frequency range applications that can provide effective transmission of signals between the active components of the radiofrequency circuit and the passive components of the antenna feeding system</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations in the CST Microwave Studio software were used to estimate the impact of the substrate material and metal foil on the characteristics of printed structures and to calculate the waveguide-to-microstrip transition characteristics. The results were confirmed via experimental investigation of fabricated wideband transition samples using a vector network analyzer</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p> Results. The probe-type transition consist of a PCB fixed between a standard WR-15 waveguide and a back-short with a simple structure and the same cross-section. The proposed transition also includes two through-holes on the PCB in the center of the transition area on either side of the probe. A significant part of the lossy PCB dielectric is removed from that area, thus providing wideband and low-loss performance of the transition without any additional matching elements. The design of the transition was adapted for implementation on the PCBs made of two popular dielectric materials RO4350B and RT/Duroid 5880. The results of full-wave simulation and experimental investigation of the designed waveguide to microstrip transition are presented. The transmission bandwidth for reflection coefficient S11 &lt; –10 dB is in excess of 50…70 GHz. The measured insertion loss for a single transition is 0.4 and 0.7 dB relatively for transitions based on RO4350B and RT/Duroid 5880.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The proposed method of insertion loss reduction in the waveguide-to-microstrip transition provides effective operation due to reduction of the dielectric substrate portion in the transition region for various high-frequency PCB materials. The designed waveguide-to -microstrip transition can be considered as an effective solution for interconnection between the waveguide and microstrip elements of the various millimeter-wave devices dedicated for the 60 GHz frequency range applications.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миллиметровый диапазон длин волн</kwd><kwd>волноводно-микрополосковый переход</kwd><kwd>печатная плата</kwd><kwd>металлический волновод</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>millimeter wave band</kwd><kwd>waveguide-to-microstrip transition</kwd><kwd>printed circuit board</kwd><kwd>metal waveguide</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Five Disruptive Technology Directions for 5G / F. Boccardi, R. W. Heath, A. Lozano, T. L. Marzetta, P. Popovski // IEEE Communications Magazine. 2014. Vol. 52, iss. 2. P. 74–80. doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2014.6736746</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boccardi F., Heath R. W., Lozano A., Marzetta T. L., Popovski P. Five Disruptive Technology Directions for 5G. IEEE Communications Magazine. 2014, vol. 52, iss. 2, pp. 74–80. doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2014.6736746</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">802.11-2016. IEEE Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks – Specific requirements. Pt. 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2016.7786995</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">802.11-2016. IEEE Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks – Specific requirements – Pt 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2016.7786995</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications for 5G Cellular: It Will Work! / T. S. Rappaport, S. Sun, R. Mayzus, H. Zhao, Y. Azar, K. Wang, G. N. Wong, J. K. Schulz, M. Samimi, F. Gutierrez // IEEE Access (Invited). 2013. Vol. 1. P. 335–349. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2013.2260813</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rappaport T. S., Sun S., Mayzus R., Zhao H., Azar Y., Wang K., Wong G. N., Schulz J. K., Samimi M., Gutierrez F. Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications for 5G Cellular: It Will Work! IEEE Access (Invited). 2013, vol. 1, pp. 335–349. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2013.2260813</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Решение ГКРЧ от 20.12.2011 № 11-13-06-1. Об использовании радиоэлектронными средствами фиксированной службы полосы радиочастот 57–64 ГГц (в ред. от 10.03.2017 г. № 17-40-03). URL: http://grfc.ru/upload/medialibrary/713/Reshenie_GKRCH_ot_10.03.2017_17_40_03_15.02.2019.docx (дата обращения: 29.09.2019)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decision of the State Committee for Emergencies of 12.12.2011 no. 11-13-06-1. On the Use by RadioElectronic Means of the Fixed Service of the Radio Frequency Band 57–64 GHz. Available at: http://grfc.ru/upload/medialibrary/713/Reshenie_GKRCH_ot_10.03.2017_17_40_03_15.02.2019.docx (accessed: 29.09.2019)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ETSI EN 302 217-3 V2.2.1 (2014-04): Harmonized European Standard. URL: https://www.etsi.org/deliver /etsi_en/302200_302299/30221703/02.02.01_60/en_30221703v020201p.pdf (дата обращения: 29.09.2019)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ETSI EN 302 217-3 V2.2.1 (2014-04): Harmonized European Standard. Available at: https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/302200_302299/30221703/02.02.01_60/en_30221703v020201p.pdf (accessed: 29.09.2019)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Revision of Part 15 of the Commission’s Rules Regarding Operation in the 57–64 GHz Band. URL: http://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-13-112A1.pdf (дата обращения: 29.09.2019)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Revision of Part 15 of the Commission’s Rules Regarding Operation in the 57–64 GHz Band. Available at: http://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-13-112A1.pdf (accessed: 29.09.2019)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stevens M., Grafton G. The Benefits of 60 GHz Unlisensed Wireless Communications. 10 p. URL: https://www.faltmann.de/pdf/white-paper-benefits-of-60ghz.pdf (дата обращения: 15.02.2019)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stevens M., Grafton G. The Benefits of 60 GHz Unlisensed Wireless Communications. 10 p. Available at: https://www.faltmann.de/pdf/white-paper-benefits-of60ghz.pdf (accessed: 15.02.2019)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богданов Ю., Кочемасов В., Хасьянова Е. Фольгированные диэлектрики – как выбрать оптимальный вариант для печатных плат ВЧ/СВЧ–диапазонов // Печатный монтаж. 2013. № 3. С. 142–147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogdanov Yu., Kochemasov V., Khas'yanova E. Foil Dielectrics – How to Choose the Best Option for RF / Microwave Circuit Boards. Pechatnyi montazh [Printed Wiring]. 2013, no. 3, pp. 142–147. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Felbecker R., Keusgen W., Peter M. Estimation of permittivity and loss tangent of high frequency materials in the millimeter wave band using a hemispherical open resonator // IEEE Intern. Conf. on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems (COMCAS 2011), Tel Aviv, Israel, 7–9 Nov. 2011. P. 1–8. doi: 10.1109/COMCAS.2011.6105829</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Felbecker R., Keusgen W., Peter M. Estimation of Permittivity and Loss Tangent of High Frequency Materials in the Millimeter Wave Band Using a Hemispherical Open Resonator. IEEE Intern. Conf. on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems (COMCAS 2011). Tel Aviv, Israel, 7–9 Nov. 2011, pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1109/COMCAS.2011.6105829</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Signal transmission loss due to copper surface roughness in high-frequency region / E. Liew, T.-A. Okubo, T. Sudo, T. Hosoi, H. Tsuyoshi, F. Kuwako // IPC APEX EXPO 2014, Las Vegas, 25–27 March 2014. URL: http://www.circuitinsight.com/pdf/signal_transmission_loss_copper_surface_roughness_ipc.pdf (дата обращения: 29.09.2019)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liew E., Okubo T.-A., Sudo T., Hosoi T., Tsuyoshi H., Kuwako F. Signal Transmission Loss Due to Copper Surface Roughness in High-Frequency Region. IPC APEX EXPO 2014. Las Vegas, 25–27 March 2014. Available at: http://www.circuitinsight.com/pdf/signal_transmission_loss_copper_surface_roughness_ipc.pdf (accessed: 29.09.2019)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Design of wideband waveguide to microstrip transition for 60 GHz frequency band / A. Artemenko, A. Maltsev, R. Maslennikov, A. Sevastyanov, V. Ssorin // Proc. of 41st European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 2011, Manchester, UK, 10–13 Oct. 2011. P. 838–841.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artemenko A., Maltsev A., Maslennikov R., Sevastyanov A., Ssorin V. Design of Wideband Waveguide to Microstrip Transition for 60 GHz Frequency Band. Proc. of 41st European Microwave Conference (EuMC), Manchester (UK), 10–13 Oct. 2011, pp. 838–841.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Millimeter-Wave Topside Waveguide-toMicrostrip Transition in Multilayer Substrate / Y. Ishikawa, K. Sakakibara, Y. Suzuki, N. Kikuma // IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters. 2018. Vol. 28, iss. 5. P. 380–382. doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2018.2812125</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishikawa Y., Sakakibara K., Suzuki Y., Kikuma N. Millimeter-Wave Topside Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition in Multilayer Substrate. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters. 2018, vol. 28, iss. 5, pp. 380–382. doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2018.2812125</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A V-band Waveguide Transition Design Appropriate for Monolithic Integration / J. L. Kook, H. L. Dong, J.-S. Rieh, M. Kim // Proc. of Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf. (APMC), Bangkok, Thailand, 11–14 Dec. 2007. P. 1–4. doi: 10.1109/APMC.2007.4554756</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kook J. L., Dong H. L., Rieh J.-S., Kim M. A V-band Waveguide Transition Design Appropriate for Monolithic Integration. Proc. of Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf. (APMC). Bangkok, Thailand, 11–14 Dec. 2007, pp. 1–4. doi: 10.1109/APMC.2007.4554756</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J., Choe W., Jeong J. Submillimeter-Wave Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transitions for Wide Circuits/Wafers // IEEE Trans. on Terahertz Science and Technology. 2017. Vol. 7, iss. 4. P. 440–445. doi: 10.1109/TTHZ.2017.2701151</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J., Choe W., Jeong J. Submillimeter-Wave Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transitions for Wide Circuits/Wafers. IEEE Trans. on Terahertz Science and Technology. 2017, vol. 7, iss. 4, pp. 440–445. doi: 10.1109/TTHZ.2017.2701151</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaneda N., Qian Y., Itoh T. A broad-band Microstripto-Waveguide Transition Using Quasi-Yagi Antenna // IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 1999. Vol. 47, iss. 12. P. 2562–2567. doi: 10.1109/22.809007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaneda N., Qian Y., Itoh T. A Broad-Band Microstripto-Waveguide Transition Using Quasi-Yagi Antenna. IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 1999, vol. 47, iss. 12, pp. 2562–2567. doi: 10.1109/22.809007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Low-Radiation-Loss Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition Using a Double Slit Configuration for Microstrip Array Feeding / H. Aliakbarian, A. Enayati, M. Yousefbeigi, M. Shahabadi // Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf. Bangkok, Thailand, 11–14 Dec. 2007. Piscataway: IEEE, 2007. P. 737–740. doi: 10.1109/APMC.2007.4554952</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aliakbarian H., Enayati A., Yousefbeigi M., Shahabadi M. Low-Radiation-Loss Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition Using a Double Slit Configuration for Mi-crostrip Array Feeding. Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf. Bangkok, Thailand, 11–14 Dec. 2007. Piscataway, IEEE, 2007, pp. 737–740. doi: 10.1109/APMC.2007.4554952</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Low-Radiation-Loss Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition Using a Double Slit Configuration for Microstrip Array Feeding / H. Aliakbarian, A. Enayati, M. Yousefbeigi, M. Shahabadi // Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf., Bangkok, Thailand, 11–14 Dec. 2007. doi: 10.1109/APMC.2007.4554952</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aliakbarian H., Enayati A., Yousefbeigi M., Shahabadi M. Low-Radiation-Loss Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition Using a Double Slit Configuration for Microstrip Array Feeding. Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf. Bangkok, Thailand, 11–14 Dec. 2007. doi: 10.1109/APMC.2007.4554952</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Design of a Wideband Transition from DoubleRidge Waveguide to Microstrip Line / Y. Zhou, H. Liu, E. Li, G. Guo, T. Yang // Intern. Conf. on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, Chengdu, China, 8–11 May 2010. Piscataway: IEEE, 2010. doi: 10.1109/icmmt.2010.5525049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou Y., Liu H., Li E., Guo G., Yang T. Design of a Wideband Transition from Double-Ridge Waveguide to Microstrip Line. Intern. Conf. on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology. Chengdu, China, 8–11 May 2010. Piscataway, IEEE, 2010. doi: 10.1109/icmmt.2010.5525049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wideband Tapered Antipodal Fin-Line Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition for E-band Applications / A. Mozharovskiy, A. Artemenko, V. Ssorin, R. Maslennikov, A. Sevastyanov // Proc. of 43st Europ. Microwave Conf. (EuMC), Nuremberg, Germany, 6–10 Oct. 2013. In 3 Vols. Vol. 3. P. 1187–1190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mozharovskiy A., Artemenko A., Ssorin V., Maslennikov R., Sevastyanov A. Wideband Tapered Antipodal Fin-Line Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition for E-band Applications. Proc. of 43st Europ. Microwave Conf. (EuMC). Nuremberg, Germany, 6–10 Oct. 2013. In 3 Vols, vol. 3, pp. 1187–1190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang C. W. A Novel W-Band Waveguide-ToMicrostrip Antipodal Finline Transition // IEEE Intern. Conf. on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices. Beijing, China, 25–27 Oct. 2013. P. 166–168. doi: 10.1109/ASEMD.2013.6780735</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang C. W. A Novel W-Band Waveguide-ToMicrostrip Antipodal Finline Transition. IEEE Intern. Conf. on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices. Beijing, China, 25–27 Oct. 2013, pp. 166–168. doi: 10.1109/ASEMD.2013.6780735</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beam-Steerable Integrated Lens Antenna with Waveguide Feeding System for 71-76/81-86 GHz point-topoint Applications / A. Mozharovskiy, A. Artemenko, A. Sevastyanov, V. Ssorin, R. Maslennikov // 10th Europ. Conf. on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Davos, Switzerland, 10–15 Apr. 2016. doi: 10.1109/EuCAP.2016.7481774</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mozharovskiy A., Artemenko A., Sevastyanov A., Ssorin V., Maslennikov R. Beam-Steerable Integrated Lens Antenna with Waveguide Feeding System for 71-76/81-86 GHz point-to-point Applications. 10th Europ. Conf. on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). Davos, Switzerland, 10–15 April 2016. doi: 10.1109/EuCAP.2016.7481774</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broadband and Planar Microstrip-to-Waveguide Transitions in Millimeter-Wave Band / K. Sakakibara, M. Hirono, N. Kikuma, H. Hirayama // Intern. Conf. on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, Nanjing, China, 21–24 Apr. 2008. Piscataway: IEEE, 2008. doi: 10.1109/ICMMT.2008.4540667</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakakibara K., Hirono M., Kikuma N., Hirayama H. Broadband and Planar Microstrip-to-Waveguide Transitions in Millimeter-Wave Band. Intern. Conf. on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology. Nanjing, China, 21–24 April 2008, Piscataway, IEEE, 2008. doi: 10.1109/ICMMT.2008.4540667</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broadband and planar microstrip-to-waveguide transitions in millimeter-wave band / K. Sakakibara, M. Hirono, N. Kikuma, H. Hirayama // Intern. Conf. on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, Nanjing, China, 21–24 Apr. 2008. doi: 10.1109/ICMMT.2008.4540667</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakakibara K., Hirono M., Kikuma N., Hirayama H. Broadband and Planar Microstrip-To-Waveguide Transitions in Millimeter-Wave Band. Intern. Conf. on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology. Nanjing, China, 21–24 April 2008. doi: 10.1109/ICMMT.2008.4540667</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Refined characterization of E-plane waveguide to microstrip transition for millimeter-wave applications / Y. Tikhov, J.-W. Moon, Y.-J. Kim, Y. Sinelnikov // Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf. Sydney, NSW, Australia, 3–6 Dec. 2000. P. 1187–1190. doi: 10.1109/APMC.2000.926043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikhov Y., Moon J.-W., Kim Y.-J., Sinelnikov Y. Refined Characterization of E-Plane Waveguide to Microstrip Transition for Millimeter-Wave Applications. Asia-Pacific Microwave Conf. Sydney, NSW, Australia, 3–6 Dec. 2000, pp. 1187–1190. doi: 10.1109/APMC.2000.926043</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wideband Probe-Type Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition for V-band Applications / O. Soykin, A. Artemenko, V. Ssorin, A. Mozharovskiy, R. Maslennikov // Proc. of 46th Europ. Microwave Conf. (EuMC). London, UK, 4–6 Oct. 2016. P. 1–4. doi: 10.1109/EuMC.2016.7824262</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soykin O., Artemenko A., Ssorin V., Mozharovskiy A., Maslennikov R. Wideband Probe-Type Waveguide-toMicrostrip Transition for V-band Applications. Proc. of 46th Europ. Microwave Conf. (EuMC). London, UK, 4–6 Oct. 2016, pp. 1–4. doi: 10.1109/EuMC.2016.7824262</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shireen R., Shi S., Prather D. W. W-band microstripto-waveguide transition using via fences // Progress In Electromagnetics Research Lett. 2010. Vol. 16. P. 151–160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shireen R., Shi S., Prather D. W. W-Band Microstripto-Waveguide Transition Using Via Fences. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters. 2010, vol. 16, pp. 151–160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A novel microstrip-to-waveguide transition using electromagnetic bandgap structures / Y. Tahara, A. Ohno, H. Oh-hashi, S. Makino, M. Ono, T. Ohba // Proc. of Intern. Symp. on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 2005. P. 459–462.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tahara Y., Ohno A., Oh-hashi H. , Makino S., Ono M., Ohba T. A Novel Microstrip-to-Waveguide Transition Using Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures. Proc. of Intern. Symp. on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 2005, pp. 459–462.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pat. US 6 967 542 B2. Int. Cl. H01P 5/107; H01P 5/10; H01P 005/107 (2006.01). Microstrip-Waveguide Transition / M. E. Weinstein. Publ. 2005/11/22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pat. US 6 967 542 B2. Int. Cl. H01P 5/107; H01P 5/10; H01P 005/107 (2006.01). Weinstein M. E. Microstrip-Waveguide Transition. Publ. 2005/11/22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пат. RU 2 600 506 С1. H01P 5/107 (2006.01). Волноводно-микрополосковый переход / О. В. Сойкин, В. Н. Ссорин, А. В. Можаровский, А. А. Артеменко, Р. О. Масленников; опубл. 20.10.2016. Бюл. 29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soikin O. V., Ssorin V. N., Mozharovskii A. V., Artemenko A. A., Maslennikov R. O. Waveguide Microstrip Junction. Pat. RF 2 600 506 С1. H01P 5/107 (2006.01). Publ. 20.10.2016. Bul. 29. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
