<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2019-22-3-36-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-323</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОДИНАМИКА, МИКРОВОЛНОВАЯ ТЕХНИКА, АНТЕННЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRODYNAMICS, MICROWAVE ENGINEERING, ANTENNAS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СКАНИРУЮЩАЯ ТОРОИДАЛЬНО-БИФОКАЛЬНАЯ ЛИНЗОВАЯ АНТЕННАЯ СИСТЕМА ДИАПАЗОНА 57–64 ГГЦ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>STEERABLE TOROIDAL BIFOCAL LENS-ARRAY ANTENNA IN 57–64 GHZ RANGE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8694-0033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltsev</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мальцев Александр Александрович – доктор физико-математических наук (1990), профессор (1992), зав. кафедрой бионики и статистической радиофизики Нижегородского государственного университета имени Н. И. Лобачевского. Автор более 150 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – адаптивная обработка сигналов; адаптивные антенные решетки; MIMO-OFDM системы связи.</p><p>пр. Гагарина, 23, Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Maltsev – Dr. of Sci. (Phys. and Math.) (1990), Professor (1992), Head of the Department of Bionics and Statistical Radiophysics of Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod. The author of more than 150 scientific publications. Area of expertise: adaptive signal processing; adaptive antenna arrays; MIMO-OFDM communication systems.</p><p>23, Gagarin Pr., 603950, Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maltsev@rf.unn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7970-3777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селезнев</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seleznev</surname><given-names>Valentin M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селезнев Валентин Михайлович – магистр по направлению "Радиофизика" (2015), аспирант кафедры бионики и статистической радиофизики Нижегородского государственного университета имени Н. И. Лобачевского. Автор восьми научных публикаций. Сфера научных интересов – микроволновая техника; проектирование антенно-фидерных устройств; вычислительная электродинамика.</p><p>пр. Гагарина, 23, Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentin M. Seleznev – Master on Radio Physics (2015), Postgraduate Student of the Department of Bionics and Statistical Radiophysics of Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod. The author of 8 scientific publications. Area of expertise: microwave technology; antennas; electrodynamics.</p><p>23, Gagarin Pr., 603950, Nizhny Novgorod </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valentin.seleznev@wcc.unn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4227-9110</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рульков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rulkov</surname><given-names>Alexander S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рульков Александр Сергеевич – магистр по направлению "Физика" (2016), аспирант кафедры теоретической физики Нижегородского государственного университета имени Н. И. Лобачевского. Автор пяти научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – антенно-фидерные устройства; вычислительная электродинамика.</p><p>пр. Гагарина, 23, Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Rulkov – Master on Physics (2016), Postgraduate Student of the Department of Theoretical Physics of Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod. The author of 5 scientific publications. Area of expertise: antennas; electrodynamics.</p><p>23, Gagarin Pr., 603950, Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksrulkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6679-9295</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болховская</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolkhovskaya</surname><given-names>Olesya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Болховская Олеся Викторовна – кандидат физико-математических наук (2004), доцент кафедры бионики и статистической радиофизики Нижегородского государственного университета им. Н. И. Лобачевского. Автор более 50 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – обнаружение сигналов и оценивание их параметров; многоэлементные антенные решетки.</p><p>пр. Гагарина, 23, Нижний Новгород, 603950</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya V. Bolkhovskaya – Cand. of Sci. (Phys. and Math.) (2004), Associate Professor of the Department of Bionics and Statistical Radiophysics in Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod, The author of more than 50 scientific publications. Area of expertise: signal detection and parameters estimation, multi-element antenna arrays.</p><p>23, Gagarin Pr., 603950, Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">obol@rf.unn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н. И. Лобачевского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мальцев А.А., Селезнев В.М., Рульков А.С., Болховская О.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мальцев А.А., Селезнев В.М., Рульков А.С., Болховская О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maltsev A.A., Seleznev V.M., Rulkov A.S., Bolkhovskaya O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/323">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/323</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В настоящее время одним из перспективных подходов к построению систем мобильной радиосвязи пятого поколения является развертывание неоднородных сетей на основе существующих систем сотовой связи LTE с большими и малыми сотами. Основными элементами таких сетей могут стать небольшие дешевые релейные станции, оснащенные высоконаправленными сканирующими антенными системами для связи малых сот с базовой станцией LTE, обслуживающей макросоту. Существующие решения во многом слишком дороги или не позволяют гибко перестраивать используемые линии передачи информации.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p> Цель работы. Разработка антенного оборудования для дешевых релейных станций на основе простых сканирующих антенных систем миллиметрового диапазона длин волн (57…64 ГГц), позволяющих управлять главным лучом в двух плоскостях: азимутальной и угломестной.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p> Материалы и методы. Профиль линзы из высокомолекулярного полиэтилена был рассчитан в приближении геометрической оптики в MATLAB. Основные технические характеристики линзовой антенной системы получены прямым электромагнитным моделированием в CST Microwave Studio, а также в ходе экспериментальных исследований с помощью вспомогательной антенны с высоким коэффициентом усиления, расположенной в дальней зоне.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p> Результаты. Разработан и создан прототип сканирующей бифокальной линзовой антенной системы, представляющий собой линзу специальной формы из высокомолекулярного полиэтилена, интегрированную с плоской фазированной антенной решеткой. В диапазоне рабочих частот 57…64 ГГц достигнуты следующие технические показатели: углы сканирования в угломестной плоскости ±3º, в азимутальной плоскости ±40º, коэффициент усиления антенной системы для всех углов сканирования находится в пределах 20…27.5 дБи.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p> Заключение. Разработанная линзовая антенная система может найти практическое применение в качестве приемо-передающего антенного оборудования небольших релейных станций, осуществляющих передачу информации в частотном диапазоне 57…64 ГГц на расстояния 100…300 м.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Currently, one of the most promising approaches to the development of 5th generation mobile wireless systems is the deployment of heterogeneous networks based on existing LTE cellular systems having both large and small cells. Small, low-cost relay stations equipped with highly directional steerable antenna systems to connect small cells with LTE base station serving macrocell can comprise the main elements of such networks.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p> Objective. Since existing solutions are either too expensive or do not allow the flexible rearrangement of current information transmission lines, the objective of this work is to develop antenna equipment for low-cost relay stations based on simple, steerable antenna systems of millimetre wavelength (57-64 GHz), which allow beamsteering on both azimuth and elevation planes.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods and materials</title><p> Methods and materials. The developed steerable, bifocal lens antenna system comprises a specially-shaped lens made of high-molecular-weight polyethylene and integrated with a phased array antenna. A key feature of its design is a wide-angle beamsteering in the azimuth plane and ability to adjust the beam in the elevation plane. The calculation of the lens profiles was carried out by means of an approximation of geometrical optics in Matlab, while the main technical characteristics of the lens antenna system were obtained by direct electromagnetic modelling in CST Microwave Studio.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p> Results. A prototype steerable, bifocal lens-array antenna system has been developed and its characteristics studied. The following technical characteristics are achieved in the 57–64 GHz range: beamsteering in the elevation plane – ±3º; beam-steering in the azimuth plane – ±40º; antenna gain – from 20 to 27.5 dBi for all angles.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p> Conclusion. It is shown that the developed antenna system can be successfully used as a component of the receiving and transmission equipment of small relay stations that transmit information in the frequency range of 57-64 GHz over a distance of 100-300 m.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бифокальная линзовая антенна</kwd><kwd>миллиметровый диапазон</kwd><kwd>фазированная антенная решетка</kwd><kwd>сканирование</kwd><kwd>диаграмма направленности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bifocal lens antenna</kwd><kwd>millimetre band</kwd><kwd>phased array</kwd><kwd>scanning</kwd><kwd>radiation pattern</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WiMAX technology support for applications in environmental monitoring, fire prevention and telemedicine / E. Guainella, E. Borcoei, M. Katz, P. Neves, M. Curado, F. Andreotti, E. Angori // 2007 IEEE Mobile WiMAX Symposium, 25–29 March 2007, Orlando, FL, USA. URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4156108. doi: 10.1109/WIMAX.2007.348690 (дата обращения 03.05.2019)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guainella E., Borcoei E., Katz M., Neves P., Curado M., Andreotti F., Angori E. WiMAX Technology Support for Applications in Environmental Monitoring, Fire Prevention and Telemedicine. 2007 IEEE Mobile WiMAX Symposium, 25–29 March 2007, Orlando, FL, USA. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4156108. doi: 10.1109/WIMAX.2007.348690 (accessed 03.05.2019)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IEEE Std 802.16™-2004 IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks. Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems. https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_16-2004.html (дата обращения 03.05.2019)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IEEE Std 802.16™-2004 IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks. Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems. Available at: https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_16-2004.html (accessed 03.05.2019)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sesia S., Toufik I., Baker M. LTE – The UMTS long term evolution. From theory to practice. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2011. 625 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sesia S., Toufik I., Baker M. LTE – The UMTS Long Term Evolution. From Theory to Practice. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2011. 625 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">802.11ac-2013 – IEEE Standard for Information Technology – Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks – Specific Requirements – Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications – Amendment 4: Enhancements for Very High Throughput for Operation in Bands below 6 GHz. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7797535. doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2013.7797535 (дата обращения 03.05.2019)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">802.11ac-2013 – IEEE Standard for Information Technology – Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks – Specific Requirements – Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications – Amendment 4: Enhancements for Very High Throughput for Operation in Bands below 6 GHz. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7797535 (accessed 03.05.2019) doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2013.7797535</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nasir S. A., Mustaqim M., Khawaja B. A. Antenna array for 5th generation 802.11ac Wi-Fi applications // 2014 11th Annual High Capacity Optical Networks and Emerging/Enabling Technologies, 15–17 Dec. 2014, Charlotte, NC, USA. URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7029354. doi: 10.1109/HONET.2014.7029354 (дата обращения 03.05.2019)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasir S. A., Mustaqim M., Khawaja B. A. Antenna array for 5th generation 802.11ac Wi-Fi applications. 2014 11th Annual High Capacity Optical Networks and Emerging/Enabling Technologies, 15–17 Dec. 2014, Charlotte, NC, USA. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ document/7029354 (accessed 03.05.2019) doi: 10.1109/HONET.2014.7029354</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Analysis of factors in phase array antenna and RF units on system performance of the OFDM PHY of IEEE 802.11ad standard / J. Qin, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. Wang // 2016 IEEE Int. Conf. on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC), 3–5 Aug. 2016, Hong Kong, China. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7785273. doi: 10.1109/EDSSC.2016.7785273 (дата обращения 03.05.2019)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qin J., Zhang L., Zhang L., Wang Y. Analysis of Factors in Phase Array Antenna and RF Units on System Performance of the OFDM PHY of IEEE 802.11ad Standard. 2016 IEEE Int. Conf. on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC), 3–5 Aug. 2016, Hong Kong, China. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7785273. (accessed 03.05.2019) doi: 10.1109/EDSSC.2016.7785273</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Nee R., Prasad R. OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications. Boston, London: Artech House, 2000. 278 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Nee R., Prasad R. OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications. Boston, London, Artech House, 2000, 278 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пат. RU 2660385 C1 H01Q 3/24 (2006.01). Сканирующая линзовая антенна / О. В. Болховская, В. М. Селезнев, В. Д. Голубь. Опубл. 06.07.2018. Бюл. № 19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolkhovskaya O. V., Seleznev V. M., Golub' V. D. Skaniruyushchaya linzovaya antenna [Steerable lens antenna]. Pat. RU 2660385 C1 H01Q 3/24 (2006.01). 06.07.2018. Bull. No. 19. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IEEE 802.11ay: Next-Generation 60 GHz Communication for 100 Gb/s Wi-Fi / Y. Ghasempour, C. R. C. M. da Silva, C. Cordeiro, E. W. Knightly // IEEE Communications Magazine. 2017. Vol. 55, № 12. P. 186–192. doi: 10.1109/MCOM. 2017.1700393</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghasempour Y., da Silva C. R. C. M., Cordeiro C., Knightly E. W. IEEE 802.11ay: Next-Generation 60 GHz Communication for 100 Gb/s Wi-Fi. IEEE Communications Magazine. 2017, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 186–192. doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2017.1700393</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Analysis and Simulation of the IEEE 802.11ay Single-Carrier PHY / C. R. C. M. da Silva, A. Lomayev, C. Chen, C. Cordeiro // 2018 IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications (ICC), 20–24 May 2018, Kansas City, MO, USA. doi: 10.1109/ICC.2018.8422532.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">da Silva C. R. C. M., Lomayev A., Chen C., Cordeiro C. Analysis and Simulation of the IEEE 802.11ay Single-Carrier PHY. 2018 IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications (ICC), 20–24 May 2018, Kansas City, MO, USA. doi: 10.1109/ICC.2018.8422532.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Advanced millimeter-wave technologies: Antennas, Packaging and Circuits / ed. by D. Liu, B. Gaucher, U. Pfeiffer, J. Grzyb. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons, 2009. 827 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Advanced millimeter-wave technologies: Antennas, Packaging and Circuits; ed. by D. Liu, B. Gaucher, U. Pfeiffer, J. Grzyb. Chichester, UK, John Wiley and Sons, 2009, 827 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Visentin T., Keusgen W., Weiler R. Dual-Polarized Square-Shaped Offset-Fed Reflectarray Antenna with High Gain and High Bandwidth in the 60 GHz Domain /2015 9th Europ. Conf. on Ant. and Prop. (EuCAP), 13–17 April 2015, Lisbon, Portugal. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7228414 (дата обращения 03.05.2019)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Visentin T., Keusgen W., Weiler R. Dual-Polarized Square-Shaped Offset-Fed Reflectarray Antenna with High Gain and High Bandwidth in the 60 GHz Domain. 2015 9th Europ. Conf. on Ant. and Prop. (EuCAP), 13–17 April 2015, Lisbon, Portugal. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7228414 (accessed 03.05.2019)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Highly Directional Steerable Antennas: High-Gain Antennas Supporting User Mobility or Beam Switching for Reconfigurable Backhauling / A. Maltsev, A. Sadri, A. Pudeyev, I. Bolotin // IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine. 2016. Vol. 11, №. 1. P. 32–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maltsev A., Sadri A., Pudeyev A., Bolotin I. Highly Directional Steerable Antennas: High-Gain Antennas Supporting User Mobility or Beam Switching for Reconfigurable Backhauling. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine. 2016, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 32–39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Millimeter-wave Toroidal Lens-Array Antennas Experimental Measurements / A. Maltsev, A. Lomaev, A. Pudeyev, I. A. Bolotin, O. V. Bolkhovskaya, V. M. Seleznev // 2018 IEEE Int. Symposium on Ant. and Prop. &amp; USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 8–13 July 2018, Boston, MA, USA. doi: 10.1109/APUSNCURSINRSM.2018.8608633</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maltsev A., Lomaev A., Pudeyev A., Bolotin I. A., Bolkhovskaya O. V., Seleznev V. M. Millimeter-wave Toroidal Lens-Array Antennas Experimental Measurements. 2018 IEEE Int. Symposium on Ant. and Prop. &amp; USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 8–13 July 2018, Boston, MA, USA. doi: 10.1109/APUSNCURSINRSM.2018.8608633</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown R. Dielectric Bifocal Lenses // IRE Int. Convention Record. 1956. Vol. 4. P. 180–187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown R. Dielectric Bifocal Lenses. IRE Int. Convention Record. 1956, vol. 4, pp. 180–187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peebles A. L. A dielectric bifocal lens for multibeam antenna applications // IEEE Trans. Ant. And Prop. 1988. Vol. 36, № 5. P. 599–606.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peebles A. L. A dielectric bifocal lens for multibeam antenna applications. IEEE Trans. Ant. And Prop. 1988, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 599–606.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holt F., Mayer A. A Design Procedure for Dielectric Microwave Lenses of Large Aperture Ratio and Large Scanning Angle // IEEE Trans. Ant. and Prop. 1957. Vol. 5, № 1. P. 25–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holt F., Mayer A. A Design Procedure for Dielectric Microwave Lenses of Large Aperture Ratio and Large Scanning Angle. IEEE Trans. Ant. and Prop. 1957, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 25–30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richter J., Hofmann A., Schmidt L.-P. Dielectric Wide Angle Lenses for Millimeter-Wave Focal Plane Imaging // 31st Europ. Microwave Conf., London, England, 24–26 Sept., 2001. Piscataway: IEEE, 2001. P. 1–4. doi: 10.1109/EUMA.2001.338934</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richter J., Hofmann A., Schmidt L.-P. Dielectric Wide Angle Lenses for Millimeter-Wave Focal Plane Imaging. 31st Europ. Microwave Conf., London, England, 24–26 Sept., 2001. Piscataway: IEEE, 2001, pp. 1–4. doi: 10.1109/EUMA.2001.338934</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rutledge D. B., Neikirk D. P., Kasilingam D. P. Integrated Circuit Antennas // Infrared and Millimeter Waves / ed. by K. J. Button. New York: Academic, 1983. Vol. 10. P. 1–90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rutledge D. B., Neikirk D. P., Kasilingam D. P. Integrated Circuit Antennas. Infrared and MillimeterWaves; ed. by K. J. Button. New York, Academic, 1983, vol. 10, pp. 1–90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Experimental Characterization of E-Band TwoDimensional Electronically Beam-Steerable Integrated Lens Antennas / A. Artemenko, A. Mozharovskiy, A. Maltsev, R. Maslennikov, A. Sevastyanov, V. Ssorin // IEEE Ant. and Wireless Prop. Lett., 2013. Vol. 12. P. 1188–1191. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2013.2282212</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artemenko A., Mozharovskiy A., Maltsev A., Maslennikov R., Sevastyanov A., Ssorin V. Experimental Characterization of E-Band Two-Dimensional Electronically Beam-Steerable Integrated Lens Antennas. IEEE Ant. and Wireless Prop. Lett., 2013, vol. 12, pp. 1188–1191. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2013.2282212</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mm-Wave Phased Array Antenna and System Integration on Semi-Flex Packaging / H. K. Pan, B. D. Horine, M. Ruberto, S. Ravid // IEEE AP-S Conf. on Ant. and Prop. for Wireless Communications, 3–8 July 2011, Spokane, WA, USA. P. 2059–2062. doi: 10.1109/APS.2011.5996913</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pan H. K., Horine B. D., Ruberto M., Ravid S. MmWave Phased Array Antenna and System Integration on Semi-Flex Packaging. IEEE AP-S Conf. on Ant. and Prop. for Wireless Communications, 3–8 July 2011, Spokane, WA, USA, pp. 2059–2062. doi: 10.1109/APS.2011.5996913</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
