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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2026-29-2-64-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-1132</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАДИОЛОКАЦИЯ И РАДИОНАВИГАЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RADAR AND NAVIGATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение коэффициента масштабирования в системе интеграции инфракрасной системы и ORB-SLAM</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of the Scale Factor in an Integrated Infrared and ORB-SLAM System</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боронахин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boronakhin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боронахин Александр Михайлович – доктор технических наук (2013), профессор (2020), профессор кафедры лазерных измерительных и навигационных систем, декан факультета информационно-измерительных и биотехнических систем. Автор более 120 научных публикаций. Сфера научных интересов – разработка интегрированных инерциальных технологий динамического мониторинга рельсового пути для обеспечения безопасности движения железнодорожного транспорта.</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander M. Boronakhin, Dr Sci. (Eng.) (2013), Professor (2020), Professor of the Department of Laser Measuring and Navigation Systems, Dean of the Faculty of Information Measuring and Biotechnical Systems. The author of more than 120 scientific publications. Area of expertise: development of inte-grated inertial technologies for dynamic monitoring of the rail track to ensure the safety of railway traffic.</p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AMBoronahin@etu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нгуен</surname><given-names>К. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>Q. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нгуен Куок Хань – магистр по направлению "Приборостроение" (2020), аспирант. Автор 11 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – инерциальные системы навигации и ориентации.</p><p>236, Хоанг Куок Вьет, Ко Нхуэ, Бак Ты Лиэм, Ханой</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nguyen Quoc Khanh, Engineer in Instrumentation Engineering (2020), Postgraduate student. The author of 11 scientific publications. Area of expertise: inertial navigation and orientation systems.</p><p>236, Hoang Quoc Viet, Co Nhue, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nguyenquockhanh183@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Вьетнамский государственный технический университет им. Ле Куй Дона</institution><country>Вьетнам</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Le Quy Don Technical University</institution><country>Viet Nam</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боронахин А.А., Нгуен К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боронахин А.А., Нгуен К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boronakhin A.M., Nguyen Q.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1132">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1132</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Интерес к исследованиям автономных малогабаритных транспортных устройств в последние годы стремительно растет, при этом задачи навигации являются ключевыми и первоочередными для их решения. В условиях внешней среды использование глобальной спутниковой навигационной системы остается оптимальным решением благодаря широкому покрытию, автоматичности и простоте применения. Однако движение в неизвестных и GPS недоступных средах, таких как помещения, остаются открытой научной задачей. Система Valve Lighthouse была предложена для навигации транспортных устройств в ограниченных пространствах благодаря высокой степени автоматизации, низкой стоимости, простоте развертывания, а также крайне компактным сенсорам, устанавливаемым на устройство, что делает ее особенно подходящей для малогабаритных транспортных устройств. Однако, как и другие системы навигации в помещении, Lighthouse не позволяет строить карту неизвестной среды (обнаруживать препятствия), что может приводить к столкновениям и повреждению устройства. Поэтому интеграция с системой построения карты является необходимой. В настоящее время оптимальным выбором для малогабаритных устройств является ORB SLAM на основе монокулярной камеры. Единственным существенным недостатком монокулярных систем является невозможность определе-ния коэффициента масштаба карты. С этой целью в данной статье предлагается алгоритм определения коэффициента масштаба карты системы ORB SLAM при ее интеграции с инфракрасной системой.Цель работы. Определение коэффициента масштаба карты системы ORB SLAM в интегрированной системе с инфракрасной системой.Материалы и методы. Предложенный метод основан на адаптивном расширенном фильтре Калмана с окном "Sage" в сочетании с методом оценки максимального правдоподобия.Результаты. Предложенный алгоритм позволяет в реальном времени определять коэффициент масштаба карты системы ORB SLAM по каждой оси.Заключение. Предлагается алгоритм определения коэффициента масштаба карты системы ORB SLAM по каждой оси в реальном времени в составе интегрированной системы с инфракрасной системой Valve Lighthouse.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Recent years have seen an increased interest in research on small autonomous vehicles, in which naviga-tion are the fundamental problems that must be addressed. In outdoor environments, the use of global satellite naviga-tion systems remains the optimum solution due to their wide coverage, high level of automation, and ease of use. How-ever, operation in unknown and GPS denied environments, such as indoor spaces, is still a relevant research problem. The Valve Lighthouse (LH) system has been proposed for guiding mobile platforms in confined spaces due to its autonomous operation, low cost, ease of deployment, and miniature onboard sensors, which are particularly suitable for small scale vehicles. Nevertheless, similar to other indoor localization sensors, the LH system does not allow the reconstruction of an unknown environment (i.e., obstacle detection), which may lead to collisions and potential damage to the vehicle. Therefore, integration with a mapping system is necessary. Currently, an optimal choice for small scale platforms is ORB SLAM based on a monocular camera. The main drawback of monocular camera based systems lies in their inability to determine the scale factor of the map. In this regard, this paper proposes an algorithm to estimate the map scale factor of the ORB SLAM system through its integration with an infrared system.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Determination of the map scale factor of the ORB SLAM system in an integrated infrared system.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The proposed algorithm is based on an extended adaptive Kalman filter with a Sage window combined with a maximum likelihood estimation method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The proposed algorithm enables the determination of the map scale factor of the ORB SLAM system along each axis in real time. Conclusion. An algorithm is proposed to determine the map scale factor of the ORB SLAM system along each axis in real time within a system integrated with the Valve Lighthouse infrared system.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коэффициент масштаба</kwd><kwd>ORB SLAM</kwd><kwd>инфракрасная система</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>scale factor</kwd><kwd>ORB SLAM</kwd><kwd>infrared system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mellinger D., Kumar V. Minimum snap trajecto-ry generation and control for quadrotors // IEEE Intern. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Shanghai, China, 09–13 May 2011. IEEE, 2011. P. 2520–2525. doi: 10.1109/ICRA.2011.5980409</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mellinger D., Kumar V. Minimum Snap Trajectory Generation and Control for Quadrotors. IEEE Intern. 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