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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2026-29-2-6-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-1126</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРО- И НАНОЭЛЕКТРОНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICRO- AND NANOELECTRONICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Механизмы проводимости полианилина (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Conduction Mechanisms in Polyaniline (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3932-1239</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белугин</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belugin</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белугин Максим Вячеславович – магистр по специальности "Химия биологически активных веществ" (2024, Курский государственный университет), аспирант 2-го года обучения по специальности "Теплофизика и теоретическая теплотехника" кафедры физики и нанотехнологий Курского государственного университета, инженер-химик ООО "Курский завод композитных материалов". Автор одной научной публикаций. Сфера научных интересов – физика полупроводников; квантово-химические вычисления.</p><p>ул. Радищева, д. 33, Курск, 305000 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim V. Belugin, Master's degree in Chemistry of Biologically Active Substances (2024, Kursk State University), 2-year Postgraduate Student in "Thermal physics and theoretical heat engineering" of the Department of Physics and Nanotechnology of Kursk State University, chemical engineer of Kursk Composite Materials Plant LLC. The author of 1 scientific publication. Area of expertise: semiconductor physics; quantum-chemical calculations. </p><p>33, Radishcheva St., Kursk 305000 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksym.belugin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9703-3375</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Будаев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budaev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Будаев Артем Викторович – кандидат физико-математических наук (2023), младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории наноструктурированных сегнетоэлектрических материалов, старший преподаватель кафедры физики и нанотехнологий. Автор 40 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – сегнетоэлектрические наноструктуры; нанокомпозитные материалы; физика полупроводников.</p><p>ул. Радищева, д. 33, Курск, 305000 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem V. Budaev, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.) (2023), Junior Researcher of the Research Laboratory of Nanostructured Ferroelectric Materials, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Physics and Nanotechnology of Kursk State University. The author of 40 scientific publications. Area of expertise: ferroelectric nanostructures, nanocomposite materials; semiconductor physics. </p><p>33, Radishcheva St., Kursk 305000  </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">budartem@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Курский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kursk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белугин М.В., Будаев А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белугин М.В., Будаев А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belugin M.V., Budaev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1126">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1126</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Полианилин (Polyaniline – PANI) демонстрирует уникальное сочетание электрофизических свойств, стабильности и простоты синтеза, что относит его к числу наиболее перспективных проводящих полимеров. Способность к значительному изменению электропроводности в процессе протонирования открывает широкие возможности управления функциональными характеристиками материалов. Несмотря на интенсивные исследования, механизмы переноса заряда в системах на основе PANI остаются недостаточно изученными. Отсутствие единой теоретической модели, описывающей взаимосвязь между химической структурой и электронными свойствами, создает существенные ограничения для целенаправленного создания материалов на основе PANI с заданными параметрами.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Систематизация современных представлений о механизмах проводимости PANI с последующей разработкой комплексного подхода, объединяющего поляронную теорию и модели прыжковой проводимости.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Отбор литературных источников для анализа проводился с использованием хронологического подхода за период более 10 лет, что обусловлено необходимостью ретроспективного анализа формирования современных взглядов на механизм проводимости PANI и расширение областей его применения. Критерием формирования итогового массива источников послужило наличие в них фактических данных, соответствующих тематике исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведенный анализ выявил преобладание поляронного механизма проводимости протонированного PANI и недостаточность существующих теоретических моделей (прыжкового транспорта с переменной длиной прыжка и туннельных механизмов) для полного описания его электронных свойств, что требует разработки комплексного подхода, интегрирующего элементы различных теорий транспорта.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ современных теоретических подходов к описанию проводимости PANI выявил принципиальные различия в моделях прыжкового транспорта и туннельных механизмов. Отмечается, что ни одна из концепций не обладает достаточной предсказательной силой в отношении пространственного распределения переноса заряда. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о необходимости создания синтетической теории, объединяющей методологические преимущества рассмотренных подходов. Разработка такой гибридной модели позволит обеспечить прогресс в проектировании PANI-содержащих материалов с заданными электрофизическими характеристиками.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Polyaniline (PANI) demonstrates a unique combination of electrophysical properties, stability, and ease of synthesis, making this material one of the most promising conductive polymers. Its ability to significantly alter electrical conductivity during protonation provides broad opportunities for tailoring the functional characteristics of materials. Despite extensive research, the charge transfer mechanisms in PANI-based systems remain insufficiently studied. The lack of a unified theoretical model describing the relationship between chemical structure and electronic properties poses significant limitations for the targeted development of PANI-based materials with specified parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To generalize current knowledge of conduction mechanisms in PANI and to develop a comprehensive approach integrating polaron theory and hopping conductivity models.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The selection of literature sources for review was conducted using a chronological approach covering a period of over 10 years, driven by the need for a retrospective analysis of the evolution of modern views on conduction mechanisms in PANI and the extension of its application areas. The criterion for forming the final set of sources was the presence of factual data relevant to the research topic.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The analysis revealed the predominance of the polaron conduction mechanism in protonated PANI and highlighted the inadequacy of existing theoretical models (such as variable-range hopping and tunneling mechanisms) in providing a comprehensive description of its electronic properties. This necessitates the development of a comprehensive approach integrating elements of various transport theories.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The analysis of modern theoretical approaches to describing conductivity in PANI revealed fundamental differences between hopping transport and tunneling mechanism models. It is noted that none of the concepts possesses sufficient predictive power regarding the spatial distribution of charge transfer. The obtained results indicate the need to develop a synthetic theory combining the methodological advantages of the considered approaches. The creation of such a hybrid model will facilitate progress in the design of PANI-containing materials with tailored electrophysical characteristics.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>PANI</kwd><kwd>эмеральдин</kwd><kwd>электропроводность</kwd><kwd>допирование</kwd><kwd>модель Мотта</kwd><kwd>полярон</kwd><kwd>туннелирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PANI</kwd><kwd>emeraldine</kwd><kwd>electrical conductivity</kwd><kwd>doping</kwd><kwd>Mott model</kwd><kwd>polaron</kwd><kwd>tunneling</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Electronic conduction in polymers. I. The chemical structure of polypyrrole / R. McNeill, R. Siudak, Jh. Wardlaw, D. E. Weiss // Australian J. of Chemistry. 1963. Vol. 16, № 6. 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