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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2026-29-1-114-125</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-1119</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАДИОФОТОНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROWAVE PHOTONICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выявление оптимальных условий функционирования ЖК-ячеек</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of Optimal Operating Conditions for Liquid Crystal Cells</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барнаш</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barnash</surname><given-names>Ya. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барнаш Ярослав Валерьевич – магистр по специальности "Электроника и наноэлектроника", аспирант кафедры фотоники. Младший научный сотрудник. Автор 12 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – фотоника.</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslav V. Barnash, Master's degree in Electronics and nanoelectronics; Postgraduate student of the Department of Photonics. Junior Researcher. The author of 12 scientific publications. Area of expertise: photonics.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">barnash.yaroslaw@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3905-1218</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тягунов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyagunov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тягунов Александр Александрович – магистр по специальности "Электроника и наноэлектроника", аспирант кафедры фотоники. Автор двух научных публикаций. Сфера научных интересов – фотоника.</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Tyagunov, Master's degree in Electronics and nanoelectronics, Postgraduate student of the Department of Photonics.The author of 2 scientific publications. Area of expertise: photonics.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">2001.Alexander.24@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2903-2685</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каманина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamanina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каманина Наталия Владимировна – доктор физико-математических наук (2001), старший научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией, профессор кафедры фотоники, ведущий научный сотрудник. Автор 325 научных публикаций. Сфера научных интересов – фотоника.</p><p>ул. Бабушкина, д. 36, к. 1, Санкт-Петербург, 192171</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Kamanina, Dr Sci. (Phys.-Math.) (2001), Senior Researcher, Head of Laboratory; Professor of the Department of Photonics; Leading Researcher. The author of 325 scientific publications. Area of expertise: photonics.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvkamanina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина); АО "НПО Государственный оптический институт им. С. И. Вавилова"; Петербургский институт ядерной физики им. Б. П. Константинова Национального исследовательского центра "Курчатовский институт"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University; JSC S. I. Vavilov State Optical Institute; Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B. P. Konstantinov of NRC "Kurchatov Institute"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>114</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Барнаш Я.В., Тягунов А.А., Каманина Н.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Барнаш Я.В., Тягунов А.А., Каманина Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Barnash Y.V., Tyagunov A.A., Kamanina N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1119">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1119</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Жидкокристаллические (ЖК) ячейки на основе нематических материалов, таких, как 5CB, широко используются в оптико-электронных устройствах благодаря их высокой чувствительности к внешним воздействиям. Однако эксплуатационные характеристики таких ячеек существенно зависят от условий работы, в том числе от наличия наночастиц в составе. Несмотря на активные исследования влияния электрических полей на ЖК-структуры, комплексный анализ динамики переключения при различных формах управляющих сигналов и добавлении магнитных наночастиц, таких, как CoFe2O4, остается ограниченным. В данной статье рассматривается влияние формы управляющего напряжения на динамический отклик ЖК-композита с магнитными наночастицами. Цель работы. Определение оптимальной формы управляющего сигнала, способствующей минимизации времени переключения и обеспечивающей стабильные электрооптические свойства жидкокристаллической ячейки с CoFe2O4. Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на ЖК-ячейке, содержащей нематик 5CB с равномерно распределенными магнитными наночастицами. Воздействие осуществлялось синусоидальными, прямоугольными и треугольными напряжениями, сгенерированными с помощью функционального генератора. Измерения выполнялись в оптической схеме с лазером, скрещенными поляризаторами и фотодиодом, регистрирующим сигнал на осциллографе. Результаты. Минимальное время отклика (4 мс) достигалось при синусоидальном сигнале. При прямоугольной форме – 6 мс, при треугольной – 5 мс. Амплитуда сигнала возрастала с длительностью импульса, но скорость переключения оставалась неизменной. Заключение. Исследование подтвердило, что форма управляющего сигнала существенно влияет на поведение ЖК-ячейки с CoFe2O4. Наиболее эффективной формой сигнала оказалась синусоида, что важно для разработки высокоскоростных оптических устройств нового поколения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Due to their high sensitivity to external influences, liquid crystal (LC) cells based on nematic materials, such as 5CB, are widely used in optoelectronic devices. However, the performance characteristics of such cells are significantly affected by operating conditions, including the presence of nanoparticles in their composition. Despite extensive research into the influence of electric fields on LC structures, a comprehensive analysis of switching dynamics under different driving signal shapes in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles such as CoFe2O4 remains limited. This study set out to investigate the effect of driving voltage waveform on the dynamic response of an LC composite with magnetic nanoparticles. Aim. To determine an optimal shape of the driving signal that minimizes switching time and ensures stable electro-optical properties of a LC cell with CoFe2O4. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on an LC cell containing nematic 5CB with uniformly distributed magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The cell was driven by sinusoidal, rectangular, and triangular voltage signals generated by a function generator. Measurements were performed using an optical setup including a laser source, crossed polarizers, and a photodiode connected to an oscilloscope. Results. The shortest switching time (4 ms) was achieved with a sinusoidal signal. Rectangular signals produced a 6 ms response, while triangular signals resulted in 5 ms. An increase in the pulse duration led to a greater signal amplitude, having no effect on the switching speed. Conclusion. The study confirmed that the shape of the driving signal significantly affects the behavior of LC cells with CoFe2O4. The sinusoidal signal was found to be the most effective in terms of response time, which is important for the development of next-generation high-speed optical devices.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>жидкокристаллическая ячейка</kwd><kwd>наночастицы CoFe2O4</kwd><kwd>электрооптический отклик</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liquid crystal cell</kwd><kwd>CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>electro-optical response</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пространственные модуляторы света / А. А. Васильев, Д. Касасент, И. П. Компанец, А. В. Парфенов. М.: Радио и связь, 1987. 320 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil'ev A. A., Kasasent D., Kompanets I. P., Parfenov A. V. Prostranstvennye modulyatory sveta [Spatial Light Modulators]. Moscow, Radio i svyaz’, 1987, 320 p. 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