radioelectronicsИзвестия высших учебных заведений России. РадиоэлектроникаJournal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics1993-89852658-4794Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University10.32603/1993-8985-2026-29-1-55-75radioelectronics-1115Research ArticleСИСТЕМЫ, СЕТИ И УСТРОЙСТВА ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИЙTELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, NETWORKS AND DEVICESКомплексное исследование точности позиционирования устройств в сетях LTE в условиях прямой видимостиIntegrated Study of Device Positioning Accuracy in LTE Networks under Line-of-Sight Conditionshttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-0659-8126ХыаХ. К.HuaH. C.

Хыа Хю Кыонг – специалист по направлению "Специальные радиотехнические системы" (2024, Военная академия войсковой противовоздушной обороны Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации), аспирант кафедры беспроводных технологий и систем. Автор двух научных публикаций. Сфера научных интересов – радиоизмерения; радиотехнические навигационные системы и устройства.

пр. Большевиков, д. 22, к. 1, Санкт-Петербург, 193232

Huy Cuong Hua, Specialist in Special radio engineering systems (2024, Military Academy of Field Anti-Aircraft Defense), Postgraduate student of the Department of Wireless Technologies and Systems. The author of 2 scientific publications. Area of expertise: radio measurements; radio-engineering navigational systems and devices.

khya.khk@sut.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-1895ФокинГ. А.FokinG. A.

Фокин Григорий Алексеевич – доктор технических наук (2021), доцент, заведующий кафедрой беспроводных технологий и систем. Автор более 300 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – сети радиодоступа 4G, 5G, 6G; радиотехнические навигационные системы и устройства.

пр. Большевиков, д. 22, к. 1, Санкт-Петербург, 193232

Grigoriy A. Fokin, Dr Sci. (Eng.) (2021), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Wireless Technologies and Systems. The author of more than 300 scientific publications. Area of expertise: radio access networks 4G, 5G, 6G; radio-engineering navigational systems and devices.

fokin.ga@sut.ruСанкт-Петербургский государственный университет телекоммуникаций им. проф. М. А. Бонч-БруевичаРоссияThe Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of TelecommunicationsRussian Federation2026100320262915575Copyright © Хыа Х.К., Фокин Г.А., 20262026Хыа Х.К., Фокин Г.А.Hua H.C., Fokin G.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1115

Введение. Активное развитие технологий подвижной радиосвязи 5G и Beyond 5G не снижает актуальности и востребованности исследований точности позиционирования в повсеместно развернутых сетях 4G LTE. В настоящей статье представлены оригинальные результаты комплексного исследования точности позиционирования устройств в сетях LTE в условиях прямой видимости. Цель работы. Научное обоснование возможности достижения точности оценок координат пользовательского устройства (user equipment – UE) менее одного метра при надлежащем выборе параметров опорных сигналов позиционирования (positioning reference signal – PRS) и конфигурации сети радиодоступа LTE. Материалы и методы. Выполнена оценка пределов точности первичных измерений времени прихода сигнала (TOA) в отдельной радиолинии между базовой станцией (eNB) и UE по опорным сигналам позиционирования PRS методами математического и имитационного моделирования, включая вычисление нижней границы Крамера–Рао для первичных измерений TOA, исследованы алгоритмы оценки TOA методом максимального правдоподобия и оценки Фитца. Показаны пределы точности оценок координат при вторичной обработке первичных измерений TOA методом наблюдаемой разности времен прихода сигналов (OTDOA). Результаты. Установлено, что увеличение полосы пропускания PRS приводит к снижению среднеквадратичной ошибки (RMSE) позиционирования. При использовании 6 ресурсных блоков точность позиционирования менее 1 м достигается в скоординированной сети. В нескоординированных сетях влияние межсотовых помех значительно ухудшает точность, особенно вблизи eNB, где RMSE может достигать 100 м. Заключение. Проведенное исследование подтверждает возможность достижения дециметровой точности позиционирования UE в сетях LTE в условиях прямой видимости eNB. Полученные результаты имеют практическую значимость для оптимизации параметров сети и могут служить основой для дальнейших исследований.

Introduction. The rapid development of 5G and Beyond 5G mobile radio technologies does not diminish the importance of research into the accuracy of positioning in widely deployed 4G LTE networks. This paper presents the original results of an integrated study into the accuracy of device positioning in LTE networks under line-of-sight (LOS) conditions. Aim. To substantiate the possibility of achieving an accuracy of user equipment (UE) coordinates of less than one meter with the proper selection of PRS signal parameters and LTE radio access network configuration. Materials and methods. The accuracy limits of primary time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements in a separate radio link between a base station (eNB) and a UE using PRS positioning reference signals were assessed using mathematical modeling and simulation methods, including calculating the Cramer-Rao lower bound for primary TOA measurements. The maximum-likelihood and Fitz-likelihood TOA estimation algorithms were investigated. The accuracy limits of coordinate estimates are demonstrated during secondary processing of primary TOA measurements using the observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) method. Results. An increase in the PRS signal bandwidth was established to lead to a decrease in the root mean square error   (RMSE) of positioning. When using six resource blocks, positioning accuracy of less than 1 m in a coordinated network is achieved. In uncoordinated networks, the effect of intercell interference significantly degrades accuracy, in the vicinity of base stations in particular, where RMSE can reach 100 m. Conclusion. The study confirms the feasibility of achieving decimeter-level UE positioning accuracy in LTE networks under line-of-sight conditions with the eNB. The results obtained have practical implications for network optimization and can serve as a basis for further research.

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