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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2025-28-6-108-120</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-1097</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИБОРЫ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ, КОНТРОЛЯ СРЕДЫ, ВЕЩЕСТВ, МАТЕРИАЛОВ И ИЗДЕЛИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL DEVICES, ENVIRONMENT, SUBSTANCES, MATERIAL AND PRODUCT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка интегрального показателя ходьбы с нагрузкой на основании биомеханических и электромиографических параметров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of an Integral Index of Loaded Walking Based on Biomechanical and Electromyographic Parameters</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжов</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhov</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыжов Виктор Константинович – магистр по направлению "Приборостроение" (2025)</p><p> ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor K. Ryzhov, Master's degree in Instrumentation Engineering (2025)</p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viktor.ryzhov.2001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6384-163X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скребова</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skrebova</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скребова Елена Михайловна – специалист по направлению " Инженерное дело в медико-биологической практике" (2015), начальник научно-исследовательской лаборатории "Системы захвата и моделирования движения" </p><p> ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena M. Skrebova, Specialist in Engineering in Medical and Biological Practice (2015), Head of the Research Laboratory "Motion Capture and Modeling Systems"</p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">emskrebova@etu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боронахин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boronahin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боронахин Александр Михайлович – доктор технических наук (2013), профессор (2020), профессор кафедры лазерных измерительных и навигационных систем, декан факультета информационно-измерительных и биотехнических систем </p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander M. Boronakhin, Dr Sci. (Eng.) (2013), Professor (2020) of the Department of Laser Measurement and Navigation Systems, Dean of the Faculty of Information Measurement and Biotechnical Systems</p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AMBoronahin@etu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7810-8396</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сакун</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakun</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сакун Иван Антонович – магистр по направлению "Приборостроение" (2024); инженер-исследователь лаборатории физиологии движения; младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории "Системы захвата и моделирования движения"</p><p>д. 6, СанктПетербург, 199034</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Sakun, Master's degree in Instrumentation Engineering (2024), Research Engineer of the Laboratory of Movement Physiology; Junior Researcher of the Research Laboratory "Motion Capture and Modeling Systems" and Postgraduate Student </p><p>6, Makarova Emb., St Petersburg 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sakunia@infran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4270-2349</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попов Дмитрий Борисович – магистр по направлению "Приборостроение" (2024); младший научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологии зрения; младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории "Системы захвата и моделирования движения" </p><p>наб. Макарова, д. 6, СанктПетербург, 199034</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry B. Popov, Master's degree in Instrumentation Engineering (2024); Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Vision Physiology; Junior Researcher of the Research Laboratory "Motion Capture and Modeling Systems" and Postgraduate Student </p><p>6, Makarova Emb., St Petersburg 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">db.popov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина); Институт физиологии им. И. П. Павлова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University; Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рыжов В.К., Скребова Е.М., Боронахин А.М., Сакун И.А., Попов Д.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рыжов В.К., Скребова Е.М., Боронахин А.М., Сакун И.А., Попов Д.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryzhov V.K., Skrebova E.M., Boronahin A.M., Sakun I.A., Popov D.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1097">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1097</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ходьба с дополнительным отягощением – рюкзаком, утяжелителями или специализированным снаряжением – существенно изменяет работу опорно-двигательного аппарата. Переноска груза повышает нагрузку на суставы нижних конечностей, усиливает мышечную активность и изменяет пространственно-временные характеристики шага, что сопровождается увеличением энергетических затрат, причем влияние зависит не только от массы, но и от локализации груза. Современные исследования все чаще используют интеграцию биомеханических, кинетических и электромиографических данных для количественной оценки адаптаций организма к нагрузкам. Разработка комплексных интегральных показателей ходьбы с нагрузкой позволяет объективно описывать "биомеханическую стоимость" различных вариантов отягощения и может быть востребована в спорте, эргономике, военной подготовке и клинической практике.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Разработка интегрального показателя, количественно отражающего изменения человеческой походки под воздействием дополнительных масс – 3 кг, закрепленных на ногах, и 12 кг, равномерно размещенных в рюкзаке. Объектом исследования является функциональный анализ походки человека с дополнительной внешней нагрузкой, состоящий в совокупности из биомеханических и электромиографических параметров.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для семи здоровых добровольцев были зарегистрированы трехмерные движения методом оптического "motion capture" с одновременной регистрацией электромиографии семи мышечных групп. Первичные траектории обрабатывались в QTM, экспортировались в TXT/TSV, далее структурировались скриптами Python; агрегированные величины (максимум, минимум, ROM) автоматически заносились в Excel. Корреляции между параметрами изучены по коэффициенту Спирмена. Достоверность изменений отдельных показателей оценена критерием Фридмана и кластеризацией.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сформирован интегральный показатель "I_total", использующий нормализацию min–max и равные веса.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Дистальная нагрузка увеличивает время двойной опоры и снижает частоту шага; проксимальная – меняет мышечную активацию и положение таза, частично нормализуя пространственно-временные параметры. Интегральный показатель обобщает изменения биомеханических и ЭМГ-параметров, позволяя количественно оценить "биомеханическую стоимость" нагрузки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Walking with additional load, such as a backpack, weights, or specialized equipment, has a significant effect on the musculoskeletal system. Carrying extra weight increases the load on the lower limb joints, enhances muscular activity, and modifies the spatiotemporal characteristics of gait, which is accompanied by increased energy expenditure. Notably, these effects depend not only on the mass but also on the distribution of the load. Contemporary studies are increasingly employing the integration of biomechanical, kinetic, and electromyographic data to quantitatively assess the body’s adaptation mechanisms to external loading. The development of integrated metrics for loaded walking is relevant for objective characterization of the biomechanical cost of different loading conditions, being promising for application in sports science, ergonomics, military training, and clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To develop an integral index that quantitatively reflects changes in human gait under two external loads: 3 kg attached to the lower legs and 12 kg evenly distributed in a backpack. A functional analysis of loaded human gait, represented by a set of biomechanical and electromyographic parameters, was carried out.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Seven healthy volunteers were subjected to examination using the methods of 3D optical motion capture and simultaneous surface electromyography from seven muscle groups. The primary trajectories were processed in QTM, exported to TXT/TSV, and further organized by Python scripts. The aggregated values (maximum, minimum, ROM) were automatically transferred to Excel. Inter-parameter dependencies were examined using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The statistical significance of individual changes was assessed using the Friedman test followed by cluster analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An integral index (I_total) using global min–max normalization and equal weighting of the selected metrics was developed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Distal loading increases double-support time and decreases step frequency, whereas proximal loading alters muscle activation patterns and pelvic positioning, partially normalizing spatiotemporal gait parameters. The proposed integral index combines changes in biomechanical and EMG parameters, enabling a quantitative assessment of the biomechanical cost associated with the applied load.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биомеханика</kwd><kwd>маркерная система захвата движения</kwd><kwd>видеоанализ</kwd><kwd>интегральный показатель</kwd><kwd>ходьба с нагрузкой</kwd><kwd>поверхностная электромиография</kwd><kwd>кинематика</kwd><kwd>кинетика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biomechanics</kwd><kwd>marker-based motion capture</kwd><kwd>video analysis</kwd><kwd>integral index</kwd><kwd>loaded walking</kwd><kwd>surface electromyography</kwd><kwd>kinematics</kwd><kwd>kinetics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работы выполнена с использованием оборудования научно-исследовательской лаборатории "Системы захвата и моделирования движения" СПбГЭТУ "ЛЭТИ".</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed using the equipment of the Research Laboratory "Motion Capture and Modelling Systems" of Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effect of load carriage on joint kinematics, vertical ground reaction force and muscle activity: Treadmill versus overground walking / M. 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