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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2025-28-6-45-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-1090</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОДИНАМИКА, МИКРОВОЛНОВАЯ ТЕХНИКА, АНТЕННЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRODYNAMICS, MICROWAVE ENGINEERING, ANTENNAS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Восстановление диаграммы направленности цифровой антенной решетки с дефектными элементами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antenna Pattern Restoration of Digital Antenna Array with Failed Elements</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4469-0501</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Монаков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Monakov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Монаков Андрей Алексеевич – доктор технических наук (2000), профессор (2005) кафедры радиотехнических систем, Почетный машиностроитель РФ (2005), почетный работник высшего профессионального образования РФ (2006)</p><p>ул. Большая Морская, д. 67 А, Санкт-Петербург, 190000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Monakov, Dr Sci. (Eng.) (2000), Professor (2005) of the Department of Radio Engineering Systems Honored Mechanical Engineer of the Russian Federation (2005), Honored Worker of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation (2006)</p><p>67 A, Bolshaya Morskaya St., St Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_monakov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3084-0043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антохин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antokhin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антохин Евгений Александрович – кандидат технических наук (2008), доцент кафедры радиотехнических систем</p><p>ул. Большая Морская, д. 67 А, Санкт-Петербург, 190000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy A. Antokhin, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) (2008), Associate Professor of the Department of Radio Engineering Systems</p><p>67 A, Bolshaya Morskaya St., St Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aearabota@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт радиотехники и телекоммуникационных технологий,&#13;
Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет аэрокосмического приборостроения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Radio Technique and Telecommunication Technologies,&#13;
Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Монаков А.А., Антохин Е.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Монаков А.А., Антохин Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Monakov A.A., Antokhin E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1090">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1090</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Компенсация негативного влияния дефектных элементов цифровых антенных решеток на характеристики диаграммы направленности – одна из основных проблем при создании и эксплуатации подобных систем. В настоящее время предложено большое количество способов решения этой проблемы, основанных на поиске нового амплитудно-фазового распределения в исправных элементах, позволяющего сохранить прежними ширину диаграммы направленности и уровень боковых лепестков антенны. В предлагаемых способах нахождение нового амплитудно-фазового распределения осуществляется поиском в пространстве коэффициентов экстремума функции качества, которая учитывает изменение характеристик диаграммы направленности при появлении дефектных элементов. Для организации поиска используются известные методы оптимизации (метод сопряженных градиентов, метод проекций, генетические алгоритмы и проч.). Реализация данных способов основана на организации итерационных процедур. Это значительно увеличивает время нахождения необходимого решения и нагрузку на сигнальный процессор.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Разработка прямого алгоритма восстановления исходной диаграммы направленности цифровой фазированной антенной решетки при появлении в ее составе дефектных элементов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Описываемый в статье алгоритм восстановления основан на оценке пространственной частоты принятой антенной волны по сигналам в исправных элементах методом наименьших квадратов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Предложен простой, безытерационный алгоритм, позволяющий быстро восстановить значения диаграммы направленности цифровой антенной решетки. Методом компьютерного моделирования показано, что при отношении сигнал/шум 20 дБ в элементах антенной решетки, содержащей 16 элементов, алгоритм восстанавливает коэффициент направленного действия, ширину диаграммы направленности и уровень максимального бокового лепестка с точностью не хуже соответственно 2, 5 и 1 % от значений перечисленных параметров в отсутствие дефектных элементов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предлагаемый алгоритм восстановления диаграммы направленности цифровой антенной решетки может быть использован в программном обеспечении сигнального процессора, управляющего работой антенной системы, для компенсации влияния дефектных элементов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Compensation for the negative impact of failed elements of digital antenna arrays on the characteristics of the antenna pattern is a key problem in the creation and operation of such systems. A large number of methods have been proposed to date to solve this problem. These are based on the search for a new amplitude–phase distribution in antenna elements, which allows the beamwidth and the side lobe level to remain unchanged. In the proposed methods, a new antenna weighting vector is searched in the weight space for the extremum of a quality function that accounts for the change of the antenna pattern due to failed elements. The search is performed by one of the known optimization methods, such as conjugate gradient, projection, genetic algorithms, etc. These methods implement some iterative search procedures, which significantly increases the time required to find the necessary solution and the load on the signal processor.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To develop a direct algorithm for restoring the antenna pattern of a digital antenna array in presence of failed elements.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The developed recovery algorithm is based on the estimation of the spatial frequency of the received wave using signals in antenna elements by the least squares method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A simple, non-iterative algorithm for timely restoring the antenna pattern of a digital antenna array is proposed. The conducted computer simulation showed that for the signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB in the antenna elements, the algorithm restores the directivity, antenna beamwidth, and the first side lobe level with an accuracy of no worse than 2, 5, and 1 %, respectively, of the values of these parameters in the absence of failed elements</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The proposed algorithm for restoring the antenna pattern of a digital antenna array can be used in software of a signal processor controlling the operation of an antenna system to compensate for the influence of failed elements.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровая фазированная антенная решетка</kwd><kwd>дефектные антенные элементы</kwd><kwd>восстановление диаграммы направленности</kwd><kwd>коэффициент направленного действия</kwd><kwd>ширина диаграммы направленности</kwd><kwd>уровень боковых лепестков</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital antenna array</kwd><kwd>failed antenna elements</kwd><kwd>antenna pattern restoration</kwd><kwd>directivity</kwd><kwd>beam width</kwd><kwd>side lobe level</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mailloux R. J. Phased Array Antenna Handbook. 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