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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2025-28-5-105-112</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-1081</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТРОЛОГИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРИБОРЫ И СИСТЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METROLOGY, INFORMATION AND MEASURING DEVICES AND SYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние реактивного момента на размытие изображения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Estimation of Reactive Torque Effect on Image Blur</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6202-2331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белан</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belan</surname><given-names>Ilya M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Михайлович Белан – магистр по специальности "Приборостроение" (2021, Санкт-Петербург, "ЛЭТИ"), аспирант кафедры лазерных измерительных и навигационных систем; инженер 2-й категории Филиала Корпорации "Комета",</p><p>ул. Шателена, д. 7, Санкт-Петербург, 194021.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya M. Belan, Master in Instrument Engineering (2021, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University), Postgraduate student of the Department of Laser Measurement and Navigation Systems; 2nd category Engineer of Branch of the "Kometa" Corporation,</p><p>7, Shatelena St., St Petersburg 194021.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iliyars97@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина); Филиал Корпорации "Комета" – Научно-проектный центр оптоэлектронных комплексов наблюдения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University; Branch of the "Kometa" Corporation – Scientific and Design Center for Optoelectronic Observation  Systems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>112</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белан И.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белан И.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belan I.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1081">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1081</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. При повороте оптической системы космического аппарата возникает реактивный момент, связанный с движением внутренних элементов. Он вызывает непреднамеренное угловое смещение корпуса, приводя к отклонению оси визирования и формированию изображений с геометрическими искажениями – пространственным размытием. Это ограничивает качество данных дистанционного зондирования и астрофотографии. Несмотря на широкое изучение задач стабилизации, влияние внутренних реактивных моментов, возникающих при движении элементов оптики, на пространственную точность визирования остается недостаточно исследованным.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Оценить влияние реактивного момента оптико-механической системы на пространственное размытие изображения и определить соответствие уровня размытия допустимым требованиям к качеству данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Использовались данные гироскопических измерений реального аппарата в процессе работы оптической системы. Угловые скорости анализировались на интервалах, равных времени экспозиции камеры, что позволило оценить смещение визирной оси и линейное смещение изображения в фокальной плоскости. Дополнительно применялась математическая модель на основе методов теоретической механики, связывающая реактивный момент с угловым откликом корпуса.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Анализ показал наличие низкочастотных угловых колебаний, формирующих пространственный смаз величиной несколько микрометров. При этом функция передачи модуляции сохраняет значение выше 0.99, что указывает на минимальное влияние на качество снимков. Модель подтвердила зависимость амплитуды углового отклонения от значения реактивного момента.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Установлено, что реактивные моменты оптико-механической системы значением меньше 0.05 Н·м вызывают размытие изображения, однако его величина несущественна: MTF = 0.99 соответствует сохранению требуемой четкости.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. When the optical system of a spacecraft rotates, the motion of its internal components initiates the emergence of a reactive torque. This torque causes unintended angular displacement of the spacecraft body, leading to a deviation of the line of sight and the formation of images with geometric distortions, commonly referred to as spatial blur. Such distortions limit the quality of remote sensing and astrophotography data. Despite the extensive study of stabilization problems, the influence of internal reactive torque arising from the motion of internal optical elements on the spatial accuracy of line-of-sight stabilization remains insufficiently investigated.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the effect of the reactive torque of an optоmechanical system on the spatial blur of the resultant image and to determine whether the blur level complies with the acceptable requirements for data quality.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. An analysis of angular oscillations of an actual spacecraft during the operation of its optomechanical system was conducted based on the data of gyroscopic measurements. To estimate the amount of image blur, time series of angular velocities were processed at intervals corresponding to the camera exposure time. On this basis, the shift of the line-of-sight axis and the linear shift of the image in the focal plane were calculated. Additionally, a mathematical model based on the methods of theoretical mechanics was used to describe the relationship between the reactive torque of the rotating optical system and the dynamic response of the spacecraft body. This model made it possible to compare the actual data obtained with the calculated effect of the reactive torque.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The analysis established the presence of low-frequency angular oscillations, creating a spatial blur of several micrometers. In this case, the modulation transfer function remains above 0.99, indicating minimal impact on image quality. The developed model confirmed the dependence of the angular deflection amplitude on the magnitude of the reactive torque.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The reactive torque of an optomechanical system with a value of less than 0.05 N·m cause image blur; however, its magnitude is insignificant. Thus, the MTF of 0.99 corresponds to maintaining the required clarity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>реактивный момент</kwd><kwd>космический аппарат</kwd><kwd>оптическая система</kwd><kwd>размытость изображения</kwd><kwd>угловое отклонение</kwd><kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reactive torque</kwd><kwd>spacecraft</kwd><kwd>optical system</kwd><kwd>image blur</kwd><kwd>angular deviation</kwd><kwd>mathematical modeling</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hiraoka T., Nishihara O., Kumamoto H. Steering reactive torque presentation method for a steer-by-wire vehicle // Review of Automotive Engineering. 2008. Vol. 29, № 2. 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