radioelectronicsИзвестия высших учебных заведений России. РадиоэлектроникаJournal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics1993-89852658-4794Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University10.32603/1993-8985-2025-28-5-66-82radioelectronics-1075Research ArticleРАДИОФОТОНИКАMICROWAVE PHOTONICSПортативная многоспектральная камера для экологического мониторингаPortable Multispectral Camera for Environmental Monitoringhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-8717ГоряиновВ. С.GoryainovViktor S.

Горяинов Виктор Сергеевич – кандидат технических наук (2019), доцент кафедры фотоники,

ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022.

Viktor S. Goryainov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) (2019), Associate Professor of the Department of Photonics,

5F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022.

vsgoriainov@etu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-6564-0743Нгуа Ндонг АвелеЖ. Б.Ngoua Ndong AveleJacques B.

Нгуа Ндонг Авеле Жак Бернис – магистр по направлению "Квантовая и оптическая электроника" (2024), аспирант кафедры радиотехнических систем,

ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022.

Jacques B. Ngoua Ndong Avele, Master in quantum and optical electronics (2019, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University), Postgraduate student of the Department of Radiotechnical Systems

5F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022.

avelejacques@yahoo.frhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-8658-1956МазояА. Б.MazoyaAdam B.

Мазоя Адам Бенджамин – окончил аспирантуру (2023, "ЛЭТИ"), доцент кафедры электроники и телекоммуникаций Университета Додомы,

ул. Бенджамина Мкапы, д. 1, Ийумбу, Додома, 41218, Танзания.

Adam B. Mazoya, Postgraduate studies in optical and optoelectronic devices and complexes in Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University (2023); Associate Professor of the Department of Electronics and Telecommunications of University of Dodoma,

Benjamin Mkapa rd., 1, Iyumbu, Dodoma 41218, Tanzania.

mazoya19@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6321-0019ТарасовС. А.TarasovSergey A.

Тарасов Сергей Анатольевич – доктор технических наук (2016), заведующий кафедрой фотоники,

ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022.

Sergey A. Tarasov, Dr Sci. (Eng.) (2016), Head of the Department of Photonics,

5F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022.

satarasov@mail.ruСанкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)РоссияSaint Petersburg Electrotechnical UniversityRussian FederationУниверситет Додомы (UDOM)ТанзанияUniversity of Dodoma (UDOM)United Republic of Tanzania2025011220252856682Copyright © Горяинов В.С., Нгуа Ндонг Авеле Ж.Б., Мазоя А.Б., Тарасов С.А., 20252025Горяинов В.С., Нгуа Ндонг Авеле Ж.Б., Мазоя А.Б., Тарасов С.А.Goryainov V.S., Ngoua Ndong Avele J.B., Mazoya A.B., Tarasov S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1075Введение

Введение. Пройдя длительный путь развития, пассивные спектральные методики дистанционного зондирования стали основным источником информации о состоянии земной поверхности и атмосферы. Многоспектральные и гиперспектральные камеры в настоящее время производятся серийно, однако их более широкому применению по-прежнему мешает высокая цена. Доступные в продаже дешевые фотоприемные CMOS-матрицы обеспечивают подходящую основу для разработки недорогих многоспектральных камер.

Цель работы

Цель работы. Создание переносной многоспектральной камеры, предназначенной для экологического мониторинга в полевых условиях.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Конструкция камеры основана на одной фотоприемной CMOS-матрице. Участки спектра выбираются сменяемыми интерференционными фильтрами, установленными в двух зубчатых колесах. Оптическая система камеры формирует параллельный пучок света перед его прохождением через фильтр, а затем фокусирует его в плоскости фотоприемной матрицы. Переключение фильтров обеспечивается шаговым электродвигателем. Его вращением, а также получением и сохранением изображений управляет одноплатный компьютер Raspberry Pi. Обработка многоспектральных изображений выполнялась при помощи программ на языке Python.

Результаты

Результаты. Проведены испытания оптической схемы разработанной камеры для оценки размера и спектральной однородности ее поля зрения. Кроме того, с использованием камеры получены изображения растительности и рассчитаны пространственные распределения двух вегетационных индексов: нормализованного разностного вегетационного индекса (NDVI) и зелено-красного вегетационного индекса (GRVI). При помощи этих индексов удалось выделить на снимках области, занятые растительностью, а также отделить хвойные деревья от лиственных.

Заключение

Заключение. Результаты испытаний показали применимость использованной оптико-механической схемы для удаленной оценки экологического состояния растительности.

Introduction

Introduction. Passive spectral remote sensing techniques have come a long way to become the main source of information on the Earth’s surface and atmosphere. Multispectral and hyperspectral cameras are now produced on a mass scale; however, their wider use is still impeded by high cost. Commercially available affordable complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors provide a suitable basis for the development of low-cost multispectral cameras.

Aim

Aim. To design and test a portable multispectral camera intended for environmental monitoring in the field.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The camera design is based on a single CMOS image sensor. Spectral bands are selected by interchangeable interference filters installed in two gear wheels. The optical system of the camera forms a parallel beam of light before its passing through a filter followed by focusing in the sensor plane. Filter switching is performed by a stepping motor. Its rotation, as well as image acquisition and storage, is controlled by a Raspberry Pi single-board computer. Multispectral images were processed using scripts in the Python language.

Results

Results. The optical design of the newly created camera was tested to assess the size and spectral uniformity of its field of view. In addition, the camera was used to obtain several images of vegetation cover. Further, spatial distributions of two vegetation indices – the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the green–red vegetation index (GRVI) – were calculated. These distributions allowed areas occupied by vegetation to be successfully detected and coniferous trees to be separated from deciduous ones.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The results obtained have confirmed the feasibility of the proposed optical and mechanical design for remote assessment of the ecological status of vegetation cover.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.