<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2025-28-3-116-128</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-1021</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КВАНТОВАЯ, ТВЕРДОТЕЛЬНАЯ, ПЛАЗМЕННАЯ И ВАКУУМНАЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>QUANTUM, SOLID-STATE, PLASMA AND VACUUM ELECTRONICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Численный анализ AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs pHEMT</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Numerical Analysis of AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs pHEMT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5106-4428</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сапожников</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sapozhnikov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сапожников Александр Владимирович – магистр по направлению "Электроника и наноэлектроника" (2023), аспирант кафедры физической электроники и технологии; инженер </p><p>Автор двух научных публикаций. Сфера научных интересов – СВЧ; моделирование приборов твердотельной электроники; HEMT.</p><p>пр. Энгельса, д. 27, Санкт-Петербург, 194156</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Sapozhnikov, Master’s degree in Electronics and nanoelectronics (2023), Postgraduate student of the Department of Physical Electronics and Technology; engineer</p><p>The author of 2 scientific publications. Area of expertise: microwave; modeling of solid-state electronics devices; HEMT.</p><p>27, Engelsa Ave., St Petersburg 194156</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9912-3490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушница</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushnitsa</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушница Игорь Сергеевич – специалист в области фундаментальной радиофизики и физической электроники (2004), ведущий инженер-конструктор</p><p>Автор девяти научных публикаций. Сфера научных интересов – СВЧ; технология и моделирование полупроводниковых приборов, разработка ММИС; HEMT.</p><p>пр. Энгельса, д. 27, Санкт-Петербург, 194156</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iliya S. Pushnitsa, Specialist in fundamental radiophysics and physical electronics (2004), leading design engineer</p><p>The author of 9 scientific publications. Area of expertise: mi- crowave; technology and modeling of semiconductor devices, MMIС development; HEMT.</p><p>27, Engelsa Ave., St Petersburg 194156</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2005-4304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудин</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudin</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дудин Анатолий Леонидович – специалист в области физики и технологии полупроводниковых приборов (1996), заместитель генерального директора по производству и технологическим разработкам</p><p>Автор более 30 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – СВЧ; технология полупроводниковых приборов; HEMT</p><p>пр. Энгельса, д. 27, Санкт-Петербург, 194156</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoliy L. Dudin, Specialist in physics and technology of semiconductor devices (1996), Chief Technologist</p><p>The author of more than 30 scientific publications. Area of expertise: microwave; technology of semiconductor devices; HEMT.</p><p>27, Engelsa Ave., St Petersburg 194156</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2622-4567</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перепеловский</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perepelovskiy</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Перепеловский Вадим Всеволодович – кандидат физико-математических наук (1992), доцент (1995) кафедры физической электроники и технологии</p><p>Автор более 30 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – моделирование приборов твердотельной электроники.</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim V. Perepelovskiy, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) (1992), Associate Professor (1995) of the Department of Physical Electronics and Technologies</p><p>The author of more than 30 scientific publications. Area of expertise: simulation of solid-state electronics devices.</p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина); АО "Светлана-Рост"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University; JSC "Svetlana-Rost"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО "Светлана-Рост"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC "Svetlana-Rost"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сапожников А.В., Пушница И.С., Дудин А.Л., Перепеловский В.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сапожников А.В., Пушница И.С., Дудин А.Л., Перепеловский В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sapozhnikov A.V., Pushnitsa I.S., Dudin A.L., Perepelovskiy V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1021">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1021</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В большинстве технологических процессов параметры транзисторов имеют некоторую вариацию значений. Таким образом, возникает разброс параметров интегральной схемы (ИС) около номинальных значений, указанных в технологической спецификации. Достижение параметрической надежности проектируемых устройств является неотъемлемой частью параметрического анализа с использованием моделирования. В данной статье представлен численный анализ псевдоморфного транзистора с высокой подвижностью электронов GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs в среде TCAD. Основное внимание уделено анализу стоковых и сток-затворных вольт-амперных характеристик (ВАХ) с учетом 10 % отклонений от заявленных производителем параметров pHEMT. Проведена оценка высокочастотных свойств моделируемого pHEMT. Проанализировано влияние толщины спейсера на стоковые и сток-затворные характеристики. Анализ основан на большом объеме экспериментальных данных.Цель работы. Численный анализ псевдоморфного транзистора с высокой подвижностью электронов AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs в среде TCAD.Материалы и методы. Моделирование структуры основывается на решении фундаментальных уравнений полупроводниковой электроники с использованием численных методов анализа. Применяется гидродинамическая двумерная численная модель pHEMT, которая учитывает влияние квантовых ям, эффекты нестационарной динамики, такие как локальный перегрев в канале и насыщение скорости носителей. Экспериментальные данные pHEMT получены на производстве АО "Светлана-Рост".Результаты. Параметрический анализ выявил критический параметр, оказывающий значительное влияние на характеристики транзисторов pHEMT, – концентрация донорного слоя AlGaAs. Изменения длины канала, длины затвора и глубины затвора в слое GaAs имеют менее выраженное влияние на электрические характеристики pHEMT. Стоковые и сток-затворные характеристики численной модели pHEMT продемонстрировали высокую степень соответствия с экспериментальными данными. Экспериментальные и расчетные ВАХ, полученные при варьировании толщины спейсера, позволили уточнить значение толщины спейсера, реализуемого в производственных условиях. В рамках данного анализа выявлена зависимость частоты отсечки от напряжения на затворе. Заключение. Проведенный анализ выявил параметры, оказывающие влияние на характеристики численной модели GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs pHEMT. Критические отклонения исследуемых характеристик обнаружены в результате 10 %-й вариации концентрации донорного слоя AlGaAs. Получено значение толщины спейсера, согласующееся с экспериментальными структурами, в ходе анализа экспериментальных и расчетных ВАХ с вариацией разных значений спейсера. Параметрическая стабильность является критически важным аспектом в производстве микроэлектронных приборов, влияя на надежность, долговечность, производительность, соответствие стандартам. Улучшение параметрической стабильности способствует снижению уровня брака, оптимизации производственных процессов. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. In most technological processes, the parameters of transistors may exhibit variations in values. As a result, integrated circuit (IC) parameters may spread beyond the nominal values stated in the technological specification. Parametric reliability of the designed devices is an important goal of parametric analysis based on simulation. This paper presents a numerical analysis of a pseudomorphic GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistor conducted in the TCAD environment. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the drain and transfer characteristics taking into account 10% deviations from the pHEMT parameters specified by the manufacturer. High-frequency properties of the simulated pHEMT are evaluated. The effect of the spacer thickness on the drain and drain-gate characteristics is analyzed. The work is based on a large amount of experimental data.Aim. Numerical analysis of a pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs high electron mobility transistor in the TCAD environment.Materials and methods. The simulation approach involved solving the fundamental equations of semiconductor electronics using numerical analysis methods. A hydrodynamic two-dimensional numerical pHEMT model was used, which takes into account the influence of quantum wells, the effects of non-stationary dynamics, and the phenomena of charge carrier transport. The experimental data of pHEMT were obtained at the production facility of JSC Svetlana-Rost.Results. The conducted parametric analysis revealed the concentration of the AlGaAs donor layer to be a critical parameter having a significant impact on the characteristics of pHEMT transistors. Changes in the channel length, gate length, and gate depth in the GaAs layer have a less pronounced effect on the electrical characteristics of pHEMT. The drain and drain-gate characteristics of the numerical model of pHEMT demonstrated a high degree of agreement with the experimental data. The experimental and calculated I–V characteristics obtained by varying the thickness of the spacer layer made it possible to clarify the value of the spacer thickness implemented in production conditions. As part of this analysis, the dependence of the cutoff frequency on the gate voltage was obtained.Conclusion. The conducted analysis revealed the parameters affecting the characteristics of the numerical model of GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs pHEMT. Critical deviations of the studied characteristics were detected as a result of 10 % variation in the concentration of the AlGaAs donor layer. The analysis of experimental and calculated I–V characteristics, under varied spacer values, established the spacer thickness which showed agreement with the experimental structures. Parametric stability is a critical aspect in the production of microelectronic devices, affecting reliability, durability, performance, and compliance with standards. Improved parametric stability reduces the level of defects and optimizes production processes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>параметрический анализ</kwd><kwd>pHEMT</kwd><kwd>транзистор с высокой подвижностью электронов</kwd><kwd>GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs</kwd><kwd>TCAD</kwd><kwd>параметрическая стабильность</kwd><kwd>численное моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>parametric analysis</kwd><kwd>pHEMT</kwd><kwd>high electron mobility transistor</kwd><kwd>AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs</kwd><kwd>TCAD</kwd><kwd>parametric stability</kwd><kwd>numerical simulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">High electron mobility transistors: performance analysis, research trend and applications / M. N. A. Aadit, S. G. Kirtania, F. Afrin, M. K. Alam, Q. D. M. Khosru; ed. by M. M. Pejovic, M. M. Pejovic // Different Types of Field-Effect Transistors-Theory and Applications. In Tech. 2017. P. 45–64. doi: 10.5772/67796</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aadit M. N. A., Kirtania S. G., Afrin F., Alam M. K., Khosru Q. D. M. High Electron Mobility Transistors: Performance Analysis, Research Trend and Applications. Different Types of Field-Effect Transistors-Theory and Applications. Ed. by M. M. Pejovic, M. M. Pejovic. In Tech, 2017, pp. 45–64. doi: 10.5772/67796</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noise measurements of discrete HEMT transistors and application to wideband very low-noise amplifiers / A. H. Akgiray, S. Weinreb, R. Leblanc, M. Renvoise, P. Frijlink, R. Lai, S. Sarkozy // IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 2013. Vol. 61, № 9. P. 3285–3297. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2013.2273757</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akgiray A. H., Weinreb S., Leblanc R., Renvoise M., Frijlink P., Lai R., Sarkozy S. Noise Measurements of Discrete HEMT Transistors and Application to Wideband Very Low-Noise Amplifiers. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 2013, vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 3285–3297. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2013.2273757</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">K-band GaAs MMIC Doherty power amplifier for microwave radio with optimized driver / R. Quaglia, V. Camarchia, T. Jiang, M. Pirola, S. D. Guerrieri, B. Loran // IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 2014. Vol. 62, № 11. P. 2518–2525. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2014.2360395</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quaglia R., Camarchia V., Jiang T., Pirola M., Guerrieri S. D., Loran B. K-band GaAs MMIC Doherty Power Amplifier for Microwave Radio with Optimized Driver. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 2014, vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 2518–2525. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2014.2360395</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nonlinear modeling of GaAs pHEMTs for millimeter-wave mixer design / G. Crupi, A. Raffo, G. Avolio, G. Bosi, G. Sivverini, F. Palomba, G. Vannini // SolidState Electronics. 2015. Vol. 104. P. 25–32. doi: 10.1016/j.sse.2014.11.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crupi G., Raffo A., Avolio G., Bosi G., Sivverini G., Palomba F., Vannini G. Nonlinear Modeling of GaAs pHEMTs for Millimeter-Wave Mixer Design. Solid-State Electronics. 2015, vol. 104, pp. 25–32. doi: 10.1016/j.sse.2014.11.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An ultra‐wideband distributed amplifier MMICs based on 0.15‐um GaAs pHEMT technology / J. Yang, L. Wang, L. Li, J. Zhan, Y. F. Xie, M. Z. Zhan // Intern. J. of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields. 2020. Vol. 33, № 3. Art. № e2605. doi: 10.1002/jnm.2605</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang J., Wang L., Li L., Zhan J., Xie Y. F., Zhan M. Z. An Ultra‐Wideband Distributed Amplifier MMICs Based on 0.15‐um GaAs pHEMT Technology. Intern. J. of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields. 2020, vol. 33, no. 3, art. no. e2605. doi: 10.1002/jnm.2605</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">First demonstration of amplification at 1 THz using 25-nm InP high electron mobility transistor process / X. Mei, W. Yoshida, M. Lange, J. Lee, J. Zhou, P. H. Liu, W. R. Deal // IEEE Electron Device Let. 2015. Vol. 36, № 4. P. 327–329. doi: 10.1109/LED.2015.2407193</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mei X., Yoshida W., Lange M., Lee J., Zhou J., Liu P. H., Deal W. R. First Demonstration of Amplification at 1 THz Using 25-nm InP High Electron Mobility Transistor Process. IEEE Electron Device Let. 2015, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 327–329. doi: 10.1109/LED.2015.2407193</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карпов С. Н. Методика прогнозирования характеристик транзис торных GaAs-гетероструктур и полевых транзисторов на их основе // Электронная техника. Сер. 1. СВЧ-техника. 2023. Вып. 2 (558). С. 61–69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpov S. N. Method for Predicting the Characteristics of Transistor Gaas-Heterostructures and Hemts Transistors Based on Them. Electronic Engineering. Series 1: Microwave Engineering. 2023, no. 2 (558), pp. 61–69. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">SentaurusTM Device User Guide. Ver. T-2022. 03. URL: https://www.synopsys.com/support/licensing-installationcomputeplatforms/synopsys-documentation.html (дата обращения 25.03.2024)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SentaurusTM Device User Guide, Ver. T-2022. 03. Available at: https://www.synopsys.com/support/licensing-installation-computeplatforms/synopsysdocumentation.html (accessed 25.03.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Experimental Study of a Low-Voltage 4H-SiC Drift Step Recovery Diode / S. A. Shevchenko, B. V. Ivanov, A. A. Smirnov, V. A. Ilyin, A. V. Afanasyev, K. A. Sergushichev // IEEE Conf. of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus), St Petersburg, Moscow, Russia, 27–30 Jan. 2020. IEEE, 2020. P. 1004–1006. doi: 10.1109/EIConRus49466.2020.9039004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevchenko S. A., Ivanov B. V., Smirnov A. A., Ilyin V. A., Afanasyev A. V., Sergushichev K. A. Experimental Study of a Low-Voltage 4H-SiC Drift Step Recovery Diode. IEEE Conf. of Russ. Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus), St Petersburg, Moscow, Russia, 27–30 Jan. 2020. IEEE, 2020, pp. 1004–1006. doi: 10.1109/EIConRus49466.2020.9039004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коловский Ю. В., Левицкий А. А., Маринушкин П. С. Компьютерное моделирование компонентов МЭМС // Проблемы разработки перспективных микрои наноэлектронных систем (МЭС). 2008. № 1. С. 398–401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolovskiy Yu. V., Levitskiy A. A., Marinushkin P. S. Computer Modeling of MEMS Components. Problems of Developing Advanced Microand Nanoelectronic Systems. 2008, no. 1, pp. 398–401. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quantum Modeling of Nanoscale Symmetric Double-Gate InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMT / N. Verma, M. Gupta, R. S. Gupta, J. Jogi // J. of Semiconductor Technology and Science. 2013. Vol. 13, № 4. P. 342–354. doi: 10.5573/JSTS.2013.13.4.342</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verma N., Gupta M., Gupta R. S., Jogi J. Quantum Modeling of Nanoscale Symmetric Double-Gate InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMT. J. of Semiconductor Technology and Science. 2013, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 342–354. doi: 10.5573/JSTS.2013.13.4.342</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Influence of double InGaAs/InAs channel on DC and RF performances of InP-based HEMTs / H. L. Hao, M. Y. Su, H. T. Wu, H. Y. Mei, R. X. Yao, F. Liu, S. X. Sun // J. of Ovonic Research. 2022. Vol. 18, № 3. P. 411–419. doi: 10.15251/JOR.2022.183.411</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hao H. L., Su M. Y., Wu H. T., Mei H. Y., Yao R. X., Liu F., Sun S. X. Influence of Double InGaAs/InAs Channel on DC and RF Performances of InP-Based HEMTs. J. of Ovonic Research. 2022, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 411–419. doi: 10.15251/JOR.2022.183.411</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Influence of spacer thickness on the noise performance in InP HEMTs for cryogenic LNAs / J. Li, A. Pourkabirian, J. Bergsten, N. Wadefalk, J. Grahn // IEEE Electron Device Let. 2022. Vol. 43, № 7. P. 1029–1032. doi: 10.1109/LED.2022.3178613</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li J., Pourkabirian A., Bergsten J., Wadefalk N., Grahn J. Influence of Spacer Thickness on the Noise Performance in InP HEMTs for Cryogenic LNAs. IEEE Electron Device Let. 2022, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 1029–1032. doi: 10.1109/LED.2022.3178613</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atomic-scale insights of indium segregation and its suppression by GaAs insertion layer in InGaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells / S. F. Ma, L. Li, Q. B. Kong, Y. Xu, Q. M. Liu, S. Zhang, X. D. Hao // Chinese Physics B. 2023. Vol. 32, № 3. Art. № 037801. doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ac70b5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma S. F., Li L., Kong Q. B., Xu Y., Liu Q. M., Zhang S., Hao X. D. Atomic-Scale Insights of Indium Segregation and Its Suppression by GaAs Insertion Layer in InGaAs/AlGaAs Multiple Quantum Wells. Chinese Physics B. 2023, vol. 32, no. 3, art. no. 037801. doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/ac70b5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang Y., Shklovskii B. I., Zudov M. A. Scattering mechanisms in state-of-the-art GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells // Physical Review Materials. 2022. Vol. 6, № 6. Art. № L061001. doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.L061001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang Y., Shklovskii B. I., Zudov M. A. Scattering Mechanisms in State-of-the-Art GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Wells. Physical Review Materials. 2022, vol. 6, no. 6, art. no. L061001. doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.L061001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pattnaik G., Mohapatra M. Design of AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs-Based PHEMT for High Frequency Application // Proc. of Intern. Conf. on Communication, Circuits, and Systems. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Vol. 728. Springer, Singapore, 2021. P. 329–337. doi: 10.1007/978-981-33-4866-0_41</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pattnaik G., Mohapatra M. Design of AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs-Based PHEMT for High Frequency Application. Proc. of Intern. Conf. on Communication, Circuits, and Systems. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Vol. 728. Springer, Singapore, 2021, pp. 329–337. doi: 10.1007/978-981-33-4866-0_41</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hwang E. H., Das Sarma S. Limit to twodimensional mobility in modulation-doped GaAs quantum structures: How to achieve a mobility of 100 million // Phys. Rev. B. 2008. Vol. 77, № 23. Art. № 235437. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.235437</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hwang E. H., Das Sarma S. Limit to TwoDimensional Mobility in Modulation-Doped GaAs Quantum Structures: How to Achieve a Mobility of 100 Million. Phys. Rev. B. 2008, vol. 77, no. 23, art. no. 235437. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.235437</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Influences of δ‐doping time and spacer thickness on the mobility and two‐dimensional electron gas concentration in δ-doped GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic heterostructures / H. M. Shieh, W. C. Hsu, M. J. Kao, C. L. Wu // J. of Vacuum Science &amp; Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena. 1994. Vol. 12, № 1. P. 154–157. doi:10.1116/1.587174</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shieh H. M., Hsu W. C., Kao M. J., Wu C. L. Influences of δ‐Doping Time and Spacer Thickness on the Mobility and Two‐Dimensional Electron Gas Concentration in δ‐Doped GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs Pseudomorphic Heterostructures. J. of Vacuum Science &amp; Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena. 1994, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 154–157. doi:10.1116/1.587174</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao H. C., Yin Z. J. Theoretical and Experimental Optimization of InGaAs Channels in GaAs PHEMT Structure // Chinese Physics Let. 2015. Vol. 32, № 6. Art. № 068102. doi: 10.1088/0256-307X/32/6/068102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao H. C., Yin Z. J. Theoretical and Experimental Optimization of InGaAs Channels in GaAs PHEMT Structure. Chinese Physics Let. 2015, vol. 32, no. 6, art. no. 068102. doi: 10.1088/0256-307X/32/6/068102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
