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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2025-28-3-57-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-1016</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИСТЕМЫ, СЕТИ И УСТРОЙСТВА ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, NETWORKS AND DEVICES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка задержек в сетях с согласованной динамикой поступлений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Delay Estimation in Networks with Cooperative Arrival Dynamics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6099-8867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркелов</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markelov</surname><given-names>O. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маркелов Олег Александрович – кандидат технических наук (2014), и. о. заведующего кафедрой радиотехнических систем </p><p>Автор 130 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – статистический анализ временных рядов; теория телетрафика.</p><p> </p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg A. Markelov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) (2014), Associate Professor of the Department of Radio Engineering Systems</p><p>The author of 140 scientific publications. Area of expertise: statistical analysis of time series; Internet traffic.</p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1489-8725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тымченко</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tymchenko</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тымченко Никита Сергеевич – магистр по специальности "Радиотехника", инженер кафедры радиотехнических систем </p><p>Автор восьми научных публикаций. Сфера научных интересов – системы массового обслуживания; интернет-трафик; математическое моделирование.</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita S. Tymchenko, Master's degree in Radio Engineering (2025), Engineer of the Department of Radio Engineering</p><p> Author of 8 scientific publications. Area of expertise: mass service systems; Internet traffic; mathematical modeling.</p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-5651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богачев</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogachev</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богачев Михаил Игоревич – доктор технических наук (2018), доцент (2011), профессор кафедры радиотехнических систем, главный научный сотрудник кафедры радиотехнических систем </p><p>Автор 260 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – статистический анализ данных; математическое моделирование.</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail I. Bogachev, Dr Sci. (Eng.) (2018), Associate Professor (2011), Professor of the Department of Radio Engineering Systems, Chief Researcher of the Scientific and Department of Radio Engineering Systems</p><p>The author of 260 scientific publications. Area of expertise: statistical data analysis; mathematical modeling. </p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маркелов О.А., Тымченко Н.С., Богачев М.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маркелов О.А., Тымченко Н.С., Богачев М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Markelov O.А., Tymchenko N.S., Bogachev M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1016">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1016</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Современные сложные системы с сетевой структурой характеризуются пространственно-временной долговременной зависимостью потоков. Существующие модели теории массового обслуживания, основанные на предположениях о стационарности и взаимной статистической независимости флуктуаций интенсивности входящих потоков, существенно недооценивают реальные задержки.Цель работы. Разработка усовершенствованной модели оценки задержек агрегированного трафика в высоконагруженных сетях с учетом статистических характеристик взаимосвязей между флуктуациями активности в узлах и каналах сети.Материалы и методы. Применен суперстатистический подход для аналитической коррекции формулы Кингмана при оценке времени ожидания на основе вычисления коэффициентов вариации интенсивностей поступления и взаимных корреляций между интенсивностями трафика, сформированного различными узлами. Для оценки характеристик агрегированного трафика использованы аналитически полученные аппроксимации плотностей вероятности распределения задержки q-экспоненциальными распределениями, результаты которых подтверждаются данными имитационного моделирования агрегированного трафика. Дополнительно выполнена валидация предложенных оценок на примере анализа эмпирических данных трафика магистральной академической сети MAWI. Длительность анализируемых временных сегментов трафика была адаптирована для адекватного сравнения результатов для модельных и эмпирических данных, при этом интегральные статистики построены на основе результатов анализа нескольких полносуточных записей.Результаты. Разработана аналитическая модель для оценки задержек в агрегированном трафике, учитывающая коэффициенты вариации интенсивности поступления и взаимные корреляции интенсивностей трафика, исходящего от различных узлов сети. Показано, что аналитическая оценка распределения задержек дает промежуточный результат между оценками, получаемыми при использовании двух схем моделирования. Это обусловлено превалированием ошибок дискретности или конечности выборки данных в зависимости от схемы моделирования.Заключение. Применение суперстатистического подхода для учета статистических взаимосвязей позволяет уточнить оценки времен запаздывания в высоконагруженных сетях на основе подстановки скорректированных характеристик агрегированного трафика в формулу Кингмана, что позволяет уточнить оценки задержек в сложных технических системах с сетевой структурой. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Modern complex systems with a network structure are characterized by spatial and temporal long-term dependence of flows. The existing models of mass service theory based on the assumptions of stationarity and mutual statistical independence of fluctuations in the intensity of incoming flows significantly underestimate real delays.Aim. Development of an improved model for estimation of aggregated traffic delays in highly loaded networks taking into account statistical characteristics of interrelations between activity fluctuations in nodes and channels of the network.Materials and methods. A superstatistical approach is applied to analytically correct the Kingman formula for estimating the waiting time based on the calculation of the coefficients of variation of arrival intensities and mutual correlations between the intensities of the traffic generated by different nodes. Analytically obtained approximations of probability densities of delay distribution by q-exponential distributions are used to estimate the characteristics of aggregated traffic, the results of which are confirmed by the data of simulation modeling of aggregated traffic. In addition, the validation of the proposed estimations is performed on the example of analyzing empirical traffic data of the MAWI academic backbone network. The duration of the analyzed time segments of the traffic was adapted to adequately compare the results for model and empirical data, with integral statistics constructed based on the results of the analysis of several full-day records.Results. An analytical model for estimating delays in aggregated traffic was developed, taking into account the coefficients of variation of arrival intensities and mutual correlations of traffic intensities originating from different nodes in the network. The analytical estimation of delay distribution was shown to give an intermediate result between the estimations obtained by using two modeling schemes, which is caused by the prevalence of errors of discreteness or finiteness of data sampling depending on the modeling scheme.Conclusion. The application of the superstatistical approach to account for statistical interrelationships allows the estimates of delay times in highly loaded networks to be clarified on the basis of substituting the adjusted characteristics of aggregated traffic into the Kingman formula, thus providing more detailed estimates of delays in complex engineering systems with a network structure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нестационарный интернет-трафик</kwd><kwd>системы массового обслуживания</kwd><kwd>суперстатистический подход</kwd><kwd>взаимно коррелированные интенсивности поступления</kwd><kwd>время запаздывания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-stationary Internet traffic</kwd><kwd>queuing systems</kwd><kwd>superstatistical approach</kwd><kwd>mutually correlated arrival rates</kwd><kwd>delay time</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данное исследование было поддержано Министерством науки и высшего образования (задание № FSEE-2025-0006).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (assignment number FSEE-2025-0006).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erlang A. 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