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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radioelectronics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений России. Радиоэлектроника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1993-8985</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-4794</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/1993-8985-2025-28-3-42-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radioelectronics-1015</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОДИНАМИКА, МИКРОВОЛНОВАЯ ТЕХНИКА, АНТЕННЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRODYNAMICS, MICROWAVE ENGINEERING, ANTENNAS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Широкополосные отражательные антенные решетки диапазона СВЧ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Wideband Reflectarray Antennas in the Microwave Range</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1366-3316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любина</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liubina</surname><given-names>L. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любина Любовь Михайловна – кандидат технических наук (2020), доцент кафедры теоретических основ радиотехники </p><p>Автор более 30 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – электродинамика и антенно-фидерные устройства.</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liubov M. Liubina, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) (2020), Associate Professor of the Department of Theoretical Fundamentals of Radio Engineering</p><p>The author of more than 30 scientific publications. Area of expertise: electrodynamics and antenna-feeder devices.</p><p>A5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3208-6606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балландович</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ballandovich</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балландович Святослав Владимирович – кандидат технических наук (2015), доцент (2021), доцент кафедры теоретических основ радиотехники </p><p>Автор более 30 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – электродинамика и антенно-фидерные устройства.</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svyatoslav V. Ballandovich, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) (2015), Associate Professor (2021), Associate of the Department of Theoretical Fundamentals of Radio Engineering</p><p>The author of more than 30 scientific publications. Area of expertise: electrodynamics and antenna-feeder devices.</p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2929-3712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костиков</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostikov</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костиков Григорий Александрович – кандидат технических наук (2007), доцент (2014), доцент кафедры теоретических основ радиотехники </p><p>Автор более 40 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – электродинамика и антенно-фидерные устройства.</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigory A. Kostikov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) (2007), Associate Professor (2014), Associate Professor of the Department of Theoretical Fundamentals of Radio Engineering</p><p>The author of more than 40 scientific publications. Area of expertise: electrodynamics and antenna-feeder devices.</p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6816-3418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонов</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonov</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонов Юрий Геннадьевич – кандидат технических наук (2007), доцент (2012), доцент кафедры теоретических основ радиотехники </p><p>Автор более 40 научных работ. Сфера научных интересов – электродинамика и антенно-фидерные устройства.</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5 Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy G. Antonov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.) (2007), Associate Professor (2012), Associate Professor of the Department of Theoretical Fundamentals of Radio Engineering</p><p>The author of more than 40 scientific publications. Area of expertise: electrodynamics and antenna-feeder devices.</p><p>5 F, Professor Popov St., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет "ЛЭТИ" им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Любина Л.М., Балландович С.В., Костиков Г.А., Антонов Ю.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Любина Л.М., Балландович С.В., Костиков Г.А., Антонов Ю.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Liubina L.М., Ballandovich S.V., Kostikov G.A., Antonov Y.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1015">https://re.eltech.ru/jour/article/view/1015</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Разработка широкополосных отражательных антенных решеток (ОАР) для диапазона СВЧ остается ключевой задачей в контексте растущих требований к телекоммуникационным системам, включая сети 5G/6G и спутниковую связь. Несмотря на значительное количество исследований, посвященных методам расширения полосы рабочих частот, представляет интерес анализ данных экспериментальных исследований разработанных макетов ОАР, подтверждающих эффективность рассмотренных подходов.Цель работы. Систематизация подходов к проектированию, позволяющих расширить полосу рабочих частот ОАР. Основное внимание уделено экспериментальной проверке рассматриваемых подходов – использованию многослойных структур, пространственного разнесения и геометрической оптимизации элементов – для уточнения их практической применимости.Материалы и методы. Работа объединяет анализ существующих методик (численное моделирование FI, FEM, электродинамический расчет на основе ячейки Флоке, метод моментов в спектральной области) с экспериментальными исследованиями ОАР на основе различного типа элементов. Измерения проведены для печатных и цельнометаллических ОАР с применением сканера ближнего поля Antest B3-1 и векторного анализатора цепей Agilent N5230A PNA-L. Алгоритмы минимизации фазовых ошибок адаптированы для работы в расширенном частотном диапазоне.Результаты. Экспериментально подтверждено расширение полосы рабочих частот по уровню снижения коэффициента усиления (КУ) на 3 дБ от максимального значения до 40 % для многослойных печатных ОАР и 19.62 % для уголковых конструкций. Оптимизация геометрии элементов на основе гантельных крестообразных структур обеспечивает относительную полосу 28 % при снижении КУ на 0.5 дБ. Цельнометаллические щелевые ОАР демонстрируют устойчивость к экстремальным условиям, но требуют учета на этапе проектирования возможности возбуждения мод плоскопараллельного волновода, существенно влияющих на их характеристики.Заключение. Представлены рекомендации по выбору геометрии, конструкции и технологии изготовления различных ОАР на основании опыта теоретических и экспериментальных исследований, проводимых на кафедре теоретических основ радиотехники СПбГЭТУ "ЛЭТИ" в 2010–2025 гг. Приведенные данные формируют основу для проектирования антенн, соответствующих требованиям высокоскоростных телекоммуникационных систем, и указывают направления для дальнейших исследований, включая миниатюризацию, повышение прочности и устойчивости конструкций. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The development of broadband reflectarray antennas for the microwave band remains a key challenge in the context of stricter requirements imposed on telecommunications systems, including 5G/6G networks and satellite communications. Despite a significant number of studies devoted to methods of extending the operating frequency band, it is of interest to analyze data from experimental studies of the developed reflectarrays, confirming the effectiveness of the considered approaches.Aim. Generalization of the design approaches used to extend the operating frequency band of reflectarrays. The main attention is paid to the experimental verification of the considered approaches, i.e., the use of multilayer structures and spatial diversity and geometric optimization of elements, with the purpose of clarifying their practical applicability.Materials and methods. An analysis of existing techniques (numerical modeling of FI, FM, electrodynamic calculation based on a Floquet cell) and the results of original experimental research in this field was conducted. Measurements were carried out on printed, all-metal, and conformal reflectarrays using an Antast B3-1 near-field scanner and an Agilent N5230A PNA-L vector circuit analyzer. The phase error minimization algorithms were adapted to work in the extended frequency range.Results. The study experimentally confirmed the extension of the operating frequency band in terms of the 3 dB criterion from the maximum value of the gain to 40 % for multilayer printed circuit boards and 19.6 % for corner structures. Optimization of the geometry of the elements based on dumbbell cross-shaped structures provides a relative band of 28 % with a decrease in gain by 0.5 dB. All-metal slit tubes demonstrate resistance to extreme conditions, although requiring consideration of the possibility of excitation of plane-parallel waveguide modes at the design stage, which have a significant impact on their characteristics.Conclusion. Recommendations on the choice of geometry, design, and manufacturing technology of various reflectarrays based on the experience of theoretical and experimental research conducted at the Department of Theoretical Foundations of Radio Engineering of Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University in 2010–2025 are presented. These data form the basis for designing antenna arrays that meet the requirements of high-speed telecommunications systems and indicate areas for further research, including miniaturization and increased structural stability.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>СВЧ</kwd><kwd>отражательные антенные решетки</kwd><kwd>полоса рабочих частот</kwd><kwd>коэффициент усиления</kwd><kwd>ячейка Флоке</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microwave</kwd><kwd>reflectarray antennas</kwd><kwd>operating frequency band</kwd><kwd>Gain</kwd><kwd>Floquet cell</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Авторы статьи выражают благодарность сотрудникам кафедры электронных приборов и устройств СПбГЭТУ "ЛЭТИ" Староверову Николаю Евгеньевичу и Ларионову Ивану Алексеевичу за рентгеновские изображения конструкций, демонстрируемых в данной статье (изображения на рис. 1, б и рис. 3, а).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The authors of the article would like to thank Nikolay E. Staroverov and Ivan A. Larionov, employees of the Department of Electronic Devices and Systems at Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, for the X-ray images of the structures shown in this article (Fig. 1, б and Fig. 3, a).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olwal T. O., Chuku P. N., Lysko A. A. Antenna Research Directions for 6G: A brief overview through sampling literature // 7th Intern. Conf. on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS), Coimbatore, India, 19–20 March 2021. IEEE, 2021. P. 1582–1587. doi: 10.1109/ICACCS51430.2021.9441781</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olwal T. O., Chuku P. N., Lysko A. A. Antenna Research Directions for 6G: A Brief Overview through Sampling Literature. 7th Intern. Conf. on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS), Coimbatore, India, 19–20 March 2021. 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